Treino de resistência e melhoria da velocidade de marcha em idosos: uma revisão sistemática
Resistance training and walking speed improvement for the elderly: a systematic review
Entrenamiento de resistencia y mejora de la velocidad de marcha en ancianos: una revisión sistemática
Abstract (en)
This systematic review evaluated the effects of resistance training on walking speed in the elderly. A total of 2,081 articles were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Lilacs. Of these, 522 results were assessed based on eligibility criteria, and 12 studies were selected for inclusion, with a total sample of 776 elderly individuals. It was found that 58.33 % of the studies showed improvements in walking speed with resistance training. The methodological quality of the studies was classified as high (n=5), moderate (n=5) and low (n=2). It was concluded that resistance training is effective in improving walking speed in elderly individuals, but alternative interventions such as muscular power training and multicomponent training were also suggested.
Abstract (pt)
Esta revisão sistemática avaliou os efeitos do treinamento resistido na velocidade de caminhada de idosos. Foram encontrados 2.081 artigos após buscas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase e Lilacs. 522 resultados foram avaliados pelos critérios de elegibilidade e 12 selecionados para compor esse estudo, tendo uma amostra total de 776 idosos. Encontrou-se que 58,33% dos estudos mostraram melhorias na velocidade de caminhada com treinamento de força. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi classificada como alta (n=5), moderada (n=5) e baixa (n=2). Conclui-se que o treinamento de força é eficaz para melhorar a velocidade de caminhada em idosos, mas também foram sugeridos treinamentos alternativos, como o treinamento de potência muscular e o multicomponente.
Abstract (es)
Esta revisión sistemática evaluó los efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia sobre la velocidad de la marcha en ancianos. Se encontraron 2.081 artículos en las bases de datos Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase y Lilacs. Se evaluaron 522 resultados según los criterios de elegibilidad y se seleccionaron 12 para este estudio, con una muestra total de 776 ancianos. El 58,33 % de los estudios mostraron mejoras en la velocidad de la marcha con el entrenamiento de fuerza. La calidad metodológica de los estudios se clasificó como alta (n=5), moderada (n=5) y baja (n=2). Se puede concluir que el entrenamiento de fuerza es eficaz para mejorar la velocidad de la marcha en las personas ancianas, pero también se han sugerido entrenamientos alternativos, como el entrenamiento de la potencia muscular y el entrenamiento multicomponente.
References
Balachandran, A. T., Steele, J., Angielczyk, D., Belio, M., Schoenfeld, B. J., Quiles, N., Askin, N. & Abou-Setta, A. M. (2022). Comparison of power training vs traditional strength training on physical function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open, 5(5), e2211623. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.11623
Blanke, D. J. & Hageman, P. A. (1989). Comparison of gait of young men and elderly men. Physical Therapy, 69(2), 144–148. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/69.2.144
Buchner, D. M., Cress, M. E., de Lateur, B. J., Esselman, P. C., Margherita, A. J., Price, R. & Wagner, E. H. (1997). The effect of strength and endurance training on gait, balance, fall risk, and health services use in community-living older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 52(4), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/52a.4.m218
Cebolla, E. C., Rodacki, A. L. & Bento, P. C. (2015). Balance, gait, functionality and strength: Comparison between elderly fallers and non-fallers. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 19(2), 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0085
Chen, N., He, X., Feng, Y., Ainsworth, B. E. & Liu, Y. (2021). Effects of resistance training in healthy older people with sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-021-00277-7
Chen, Y. C., Chen, W.-C., Liu, C.-W., Huang, W.-Y., Lu, I., Lin, C. W., & Li, C. H.(2023). Is moderate resistance training adequate for older adults with sarcopenia? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 20(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-023-00333-4
Da Rosa Orssatto, L. B., de la Rocha Freitas, C., Shield, A. J., Silveira Pinto, R., & Trajano, G. S. (2019). Effects of resistance training concentric velocity on older adults’ functional capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Experimental Gerontology, 127, 110731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.110731
Fiatarone, M. A., Marks, E. C., Ryan, N. D., Meredith, C. N., Lipsitz, L. A., & Evans, W. J. (1990). High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians: Effects on skeletal muscle. JAMA, 263(22), 3029–3034. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03440220053029
Font-Jutglà, C., Mur Gimeno, E., Bort Roig, J., Gomes da Silva, M., & Milà Villarroel, R. (2020). Efectos de la actividad física de intensidad suave sobre las condiciones físicas de los adultos mayores: Revisión sistemática. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 55(2), 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2019.10.007
Fujita, K., Umegaki, H., Makino, T., Uemura, K., Hayashi, T., Inoue, A., Uno, C., Kitada, T., Huang, C. H., Shimada, H., & Kuzuya, M. (2021). Short- and long-term effects of different exercise programs on the gait performance of older adults with subjective cognitive decline: A randomized controlled trial. Experimental Gerontology, 156, 111590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111590
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994). A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: Association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 49(2), M85–M94. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85
Häkkinen, K., & Pakarinen, A. (1993). Muscle strength and serum testosterone, cortisol and SHBG concentrations in middle-aged and elderly men and women. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 148(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1993.tb09549.x
Henwood, T. R., & Taaffe, D. R. (2006). Short‐term resistance training and the older adult: The effect of varied programmes for the enhancement of muscle strength and functional performance. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 26(5), 305–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097x.2006.00695.x
Henwood, T. R., Riek, S., & Taaffe, D. R. (2008). Strength versus muscle power-specific resistance training in community-dwelling older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 63(1), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.1.83
Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. A. (Eds.). (2023). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (version 6.4). Cochrane. https://www.training.cochrane.org/handbook
Holviala, J., Sallinen, J., Kraemer, W. J., Alen, M., & Häkkinen, K. (2006). Effects of strength training on muscle strength characteristics, functional capabilities, and balance in middle-aged and older women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 336–344. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-17885.1
Holviala, J., Häkkinen, A., Alen, M., Sallinen, J., Kraemer, W., & Häkkinen, K. (2012). Effects of prolonged and maintenance strength training on force production, walking, and balance in aging women and men. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(1), 224–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01470.x
Keating, C. J., Cabrera-Linares, J. C., Párraga-Montilla, J. A., Latorre-Román, P. A., del Castillo, R. M., & García-Pinillos, F. (2021). Influence of resistance training on gait & balance parameters in older adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041759
Lopez, P., Rech, A., Petropoulou, M., Newton, R. U., Taaffe, D. R., Galvão, D. A., & Steele, J. (2023). Does high-velocity resistance exercise elicit greater physical function benefits than traditional resistance exercise in older adults? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 79 trials. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 78(8), 1471–1482. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac230
Lu, L., Mao, L., Feng, Y., Ainsworth, B. E., Liu, Y., & Chen, N. (2021). Effects of different exercise training modes on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatrics, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02642-8
Maher, C. G., Sherrington, C., Herbert, R. D., Moseley, A. M., & Elkins, M. (2003). Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Physical Therapy, 83(8), 713–721. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.713
Mende, E., Moeinnia, N., Schaller, N., Weiß, M., Haller, B., Halle, M., & Drey, M. (2022). Progressive machine-based resistance training for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the oldest old: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Experimental Gerontology, 163, 111767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2022.111767
Nicklas, B. J., Chmelo, E., Delbono, O., Carr, J. J., Lyles, M. F., & Marsh, A. P. (2015). Effects of resistance training with and without caloric restriction on physical function and mobility in overweight and obese older adults: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 101(5), 991–999. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.105270
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Persch, L. N., Ugrinowitsch, C., Pereira, G., & Rodacki, A. L. F. (2009). Strength training improves fall-related gait kinematics in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon), 24(10), 819–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.07.012
Pinto, R. S., Correa, C. S., Radaelli, R., Cadore, E. L., Brown, L. E., & Bottaro, M. (2014). Short-term strength training improves muscle quality and functional capacity of elderly women. Age (Dordrecht), 36(1), 365–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-013-9567-2
Prevett, C., Moncion, K., Phillips, S. M., Richardson, J., & Tang, A. (2022). Role of resistance training in mitigating risk for mobility disability in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 103(10), 2023–2035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2022.04.002
Rikli, R. E., & Jones, C. J. (2013). Development and validation of criterion-referenced clinically relevant fitness standards for maintaining physical independence in later years. The Gerontologist, 53(2), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns071
Schlicht, J., Camaione, D. N., & Owen, S. V. (2001). Effect of intense strength training on standing balance, walking speed, and sit-to-stand performance in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56(5), M281–M286. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.5.m281
Shen, Y., Shi, Q., Nong, K., Li, S., Yue, J., Huang, J., Zhang, L., … & Wang, Y. (2023). Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 14(3), 1199–1211. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13225
Sipilä, S., Multanen, J., Kallinen, M., Era, P., & Suominen, H. (1996). Effects of strength and endurance training on isometric muscle strength and walking speed in elderly women. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 156(4), 457–464. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201x.1996.461177000.x
Skelton, D. A., Young, A., Greig, C. A., & Malbut, K. E. (1995). Effects of resistance training on strength, power, and selected functional abilities of women aged 75 and older. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 43(10), 1081–1087. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07004.x
Song, S., Kim, G., & Kim, H. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise beneficial for locomotion in community-dwelling elderly people with sarcopenia. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 8(3), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8030092
Talar, K., Hernández-Belmonte, A., Vetrovsky, T., Steffl, M., Kałamacka, E., & Courel-Ibáñez, J. (2021). Benefits of resistance training in early and late stages of frailty and sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(8), 1630. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081630
Topp, R., Mikesky, A., Wigglesworth, J., Holt, W., & Edwards, J. E. (1993). The effect of a 12-week dynamic resistance strength training program on gait velocity and balance of older adults. Gerontologist, 33(4), 501–506. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/33.4.501
Wolf, R., Locks, R. R., Lopes, P. B., Bento, P. C. B., Rodacki, A. L. F., Carraro, A. N., & Tiggemann, C. L. (2020). Multicomponent exercise training improves gait ability of older women rather than strength training: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Aging Research, 2020, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6345753
Zeng, D., Ling, X.-Y., Fang, Z.-L., & Lu, Y.-F. (2023). Optimal exercise to improve physical ability and performance in older adults with sarcopenia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Geriatric Nursing, 52, 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.06.005
Zhao, H., Cheng, R., Song, G., Teng, J., Shen, S., Fu, X., & Sun, Y. (2022). The effect of resistance training on the rehabilitation of elderly patients with sarcopenia: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 15491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315491
How to Cite
The study in question is a systematic review; the data for this review were extracted from the studies analyzed, which are available in the references.
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Marckson da Silva Paula, Carlos José Nogueira, Jani Cleria Pereira Bezerra, Neilson Duarte Gomes, Carlos Eduardo de Souza Pinto, Nilber Soares Ramos, Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Revista de Investigación Cuerpo, Cultura y Movimiento contents are under the Creative Commons license Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
ACCEPTANCE OF THE CONDITIONS BY THE AUTHORS
Sending the article implies acceptance of the conditions expressed in this document.
