Conventional Ratio of Knee Flexors and Extensors Obtained Using an Isokinetic Dynamometer and Isoinertial Devices
Relación convencional de flexores y extensores de la rodilla obtenida mediante un dinamómetro isocinético y dispositivos isoinerciales
Rácio flexor-extensor do joelho convencional obtido a partir de um dinamómetro isocinético e de dispositivos isoinerciais
Resumo (pt)
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os valores das razões convencionais de flexores e extensores de joelho obtidos pela dinamometria isocinética (IsoRatio), torque ajustado no teste de 5RM (Ratio5RM) e valores absolutos de 5RM (Ratio5RML). Quinze voluntários do sexo masculino (28.47 ± 5.78 anos; 78.30 ± 6.59kg; 1.79 ± 0.65m) realizaram um teste de 5RM em aparelhos de extensão e flexão de joelhos, que foram realizados em velocidade angular de 60°/s. Não houveram diferenças significativas entre os protocolos. A análise de regressão mostrou que Ratio5RML se correlaciona com a razão isocinética de referência (r=0.649; p=0.009). O resultado do teste t pareado não mostrou diferença significativa entre as médias da razão isocinética e a razão prevista pela equação. Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que o teste de 5RM realizado em máquinas isoinerciais pode ser utilizado para estimar razão convencional e identificar desequilíbrio entre os músculos flexores e extensores do joelho.
Resumo (en)
This study aimed to analyze the conventional ratio values of knee flexors and extensors obtained using an isokinetic dynamometer (IsoRatio), an adjusted torque test of 5RM (Ratio5RM), and absolute values of 5RM (Ratio5RML). Fifteen male volunteers (28.47 ± 5.78 years; 78.30 ± 6.59kg; 1.79 ± 0.65m) performed a 5RM test on leg extension and leg curl machines. The volunteers executed knee flexion and extension movements at 60°/s angle speed without significant differences between protocols. Regression analysis showed that the Ratio5RML correlates with the isokinetic reference ratio (r=0.649; p=0.009). The result of the paired t-test showed no significant difference between the means of the isokinetic ratio and the ratio predicted by the equation. The results of the present study suggest that the 5RM test performed with isoinertial machines can be used to estimate conventional ratio and identify imbalance between the knee flexors and extensors muscles.
Resumo (es)
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los valores de relación convencionales de flexores y extensores de rodilla obtenidos mediante dinamometría isocinética (IsoRatio), torque ajustado en la prueba de 5RM (Ratio5RM) y valores absolutos de 5RM (Ratio5RML). Quince varones (28.47 ± 5.78 años; 78.30 ± 6.59 kg; 1.79 ± 0.65 m) realizaron un test de 5RM en máquinas de extensión y curl de piernas. Los movimientos de flexión y extensión de la rodilla se realizaron a una velocidad angular de 60°/s. No hubo diferencias entre los protocolos. El análisis de regresión mostró que la Ratio5RML se correlaciona con la relación isocinética (r=0.649; p=0.009). La prueba t pareada no mostró diferencias entre los valores obtenidos de la relación isocinética y de la relación predicha por la ecuación. Los resultados sugieren que el test de 5RM realizado en máquinas isoinerciales se puede estimar la relación convencional e identificar el desequilibrio entre los músculos flexores y extensores de la rodilla.
Referências
Américo, S.P.F., Souza, V.V., Guimaraes, C.Q., & Rolla, A.F.L. (2011). Use of 1-RM test in the measurement of knee flexors and extensors ratio in young adults. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 17, 111–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922011000200008
Baroni, B.M., Ruas, C.V., Alvares, J.B.R., & Pinto, R.S. (2020). Hamstring-to-quadriceps torque ratios of professional male soccer players: a systematic review. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(1), 281-293. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002609
Bazuelo-Ruiz, B., Padial, P., García-Ramos, A., Morales-Artacho, A. J., Miranda, M. T., & Feriche, B. (2015). Predicting maximal dynamic strength from the load-velocity relationship in squat exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1999–2005. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000821
Beck, T.W. (2013). The importance of a priori sample size estimation in strength and conditioning research. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(8), 2323–2337. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318278eea0
Bezerra, E.S., Guimaraes, T.M., Gailey, A.W., Leone, R., Brennecke, A., Acquesta, F., Serrão, J. C., Amadio, A. C., Sena, R., Miranda, H., & Simão, R. (2009). Test load variability of 10RM trained individuals. Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício, 3(18), 559–565.
Carvalho, A.P.V., Silva, V., & Grande, A.J. (2013). Assessment of risk of bias in randomized controlled trials by the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Diagnóstico e Tratamento, 18(1), 38–44.
Chaves, C.P.G., Guerra, C.P.C., Moura, S.R.G., Nicoli, A.I.V., Félix, I., & Simão, R. (2004). Bilateral deficit in leg flexion and extension and elbow flexion movements. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 10(6), 509–512.
Croix, M.D.S., ElNagar, Y.O., Iga, J., Ayala, F., & James, D. (2017). The impact of joint angle and movement velocity on sex differences in the functional hamstring/quadriceps ratio. The Knee, 24(4), 745–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2017.03.012
Devenney, L.E., Coyle, K.B., Roth, T., Verster, J.C. (2019). Sleep after heavy alcohol consumption and physical activity levels during alcohol hangover. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(5), 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050752
Dohoney, P., Chromiak, J.A., Lemire, D., Abadie, B.R., & Kovacs, C. (2002). Prediction of one repetition maximum (1-RM) strength from a 4-6 RM and a 7-10 RM submaximal strength test in healthy young adult males. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 5, 54–59.
Evangelidis, P. E., Massey, G. H., Pain, M. T., & Folland, J. P. (2016). Strength and size relationships of the quadriceps and hamstrings with special reference to reciprocal muscle balance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(3), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3321-7
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi:10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Ferraresi, C., Baldissera, V., Perez, S.E., Júnior, E.M., Bagnato, V.S., & Parizotto, N.A. (2013). One-repetition maximum test and isokinetic leg extension and flexion: Correlations and predicted values. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 21(1), 69–76.
Kellis, E., Mademli, L., Patikas, D., & Kofotolis, N. (2014). Neuromuscular interactions around the knee in children , adults and elderly. World Journal of Orthopedics, 5(4), 469–485. https://doi: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i4.469
Lauermann, S.P., Lienhard, K., Item-Glatthorn, J.F., Casartelli, N.C., & Maffiuletti, N.A. (2014). Assessment of quadriceps muscle weakness in patients after total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty: methodological issues. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 24(2), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.10.018
Lee, S., Lira, C., Nouailhetas, V., Vancini, R.L., & Andrade, M.S. (2018). Do isometric, isotonic and/or isokinetic strength trainings produce different strength outcomes? Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 22(2), 430–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.08.001
Maia, M.F., Willardson, J.M., Paz, G.A., & Miranda, H. (2014). Effects of different rest intervals between antagonist paired sets on repetition performance and muscle activation. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(9), 2529–2535. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000451
Maior, A.S., Lemos, A., Carvalho, N., Novaes, J., Simão, R. (2005). Strength training prescription through 1RM test: the ins and outs. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício, 4(1), 22–26.
Minozzo, F., Lopez, P., Machado, C., Wilhelm, E. N., Grazioli, R., & Pinto, R. S. (2018). Alternative assessment of knee joint muscle balance of soccer players through total work-based hamstring: quadriceps ratios. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(10), 1398–1404. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1495271
Mondin, D., Owen, J.A., Negro, M., D’Antona, G. (2018). Validity and reliability of a non-invasive test to assess quadriceps and hamstrings strength in athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1702. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01702
Niewiadomski, W., Laskowska, D., Gąsiorowska, A., Cybulski, G., Strasz, A., & Langfort, J. (2008). Determination and Prediction of One Repetition Maximum (1RM): Safety Considerations. Journal of Human Kinetics, 19, 109–120. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-008-0008-8
Picerno, P., & Manno, R. (2017). On the terminology used to refer to resistance training exercises. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57(9), 1235–1236. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.06987-0
Plautard, M., Guilhem, G., Fohanno, V., Nordez, A., Cornu, C., & Guével, A. (2018). Comparison of two methodological approaches for the mechanical analysis of single-joint isoinertial movement using a customised isokinetic dynamometer. Sports Biomechanics, 17(3), 287–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2016.1269187
Ruf, L., Chéry, C., & Taylor, K.L. (2018). Validity and reliability of the load-velocity relationship to predict the one-repetition maximum in deadlift. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(3), 681–689. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002369
Ruiter, C.J., Korte, A., Schreven, S., & Haan, A. (2010). Leg dominancy in relation to fast isometric torque production and squat jump height. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(2), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1209-0
Sabino, G.S., Felício, D.C., Guimarães, C.Q., Abreu, B.J., & Vieira, W.H.B. (2016). Validity analysis of one-repetition maximum strength test for determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio. Motriz, 22(3), 133–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574201600030003
Santos, H.H., Hanashiro, D.N., Ávila, M.A., Camargo, P.R., Oliveira, A.B., & Salvini, T.F. (2014). Effect of isokinetic eccentric training on H/Q torque ratio and SEMG in healthy subjects. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 20(3), 227–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-86922014200301210
Silva, B., Bottaro, M., Weber, F., Radaelli, R., Gaya, A.R., Cardoso, M.S., Brown, L. E., Carregaro, R., & Pinto, R.S. (2013). Comparison of hamstring/quadriceps ratio between isoinertial and isokinetic measurements. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 21(2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-130485
Sinacore, J.A., Evans, A. M., Lynch, B.N., Joreitz, R.E., Irrgang, J.J., & Lynch, A.D. (2017). Diagnostic accuracy of handheld dynamometry and 1-repetition-maximum tests for identifying meaningful quadriceps strength asymmetries. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 47(2), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2017.6651
Taylor, J.D., & Fletcher, J.P. (2013). Correlation between the 8-repetition maximum test and isokinetic dynamometry in the measurement of muscle strength of the knee extensors: A concurrent validity study. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 29(4), 335–341. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2012.727529
Thomas, J.R., Nelson, J.K., & Silverman, J. (2012). Métodos de pesquisa em atividade física. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Artmed.
Van Hooren, B., Bosch, F., & Meijer, K. (2017). Can resistance training enhance the rapid force development in unloaded dynamic isoinertial multi-joint movements? A systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(8), 2324–2337. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001916
Weber, F.S., Silva, B.G.C., Radaelli, R., Paiva, C., & Pinto, R.S. (2010). Isokinetic assessment in professional soccer players and performance comparison according to their different positions in the field. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 16(4), 264–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922010000400006
Wilk, M., Krzysztofik, M., Filip, A., Zajac, A., & Del Coso, J. (2019). The effects of high doses of caffeine on maximal strength and muscular endurance in athletes habituated to caffeine. Nutrients, 11(8), 1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081912
Como Citar
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Os conteúdos da Revista de Investigación Cuerpo, Cultura y Movimiento são publicados sob a licença Creative Commons Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
ACEITAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES PELOS AUTORES
O envio do artigo implica a aceitação das condições expressas neste documento.
