Evaluación de la condición física en niños y jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual: una revisión
Assessment of Physical Condition in Children and Youth with Intellectual Disabilities: A Review
Resumen (es)
El objetivo del estudio es identificar los procesos de evaluación de la condición física, empleando test de campo, aplicados en la población con discapacidad intelectual, a partir de la revisión documental de estudios que se han desarrollado entre el 2009 y el 2019. Esta es una investigación descriptiva enfocada en la revisión documental realizada en bases de datos Ebsco, Embase, Pubmed, Science Direct y Scopus con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: se consultaron documentos en inglés, español y portugués, con poblaciones objetivo pediátricas (< 18 años) y acceso completo gratuito. España y Estados Unidos son líderes en la producción de literatura relacionada con la aptitud física relacionada con la salud en estas poblaciones; en América Latina, Brasil lidera la investigación en esta área. Las cualidades físicas como la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza muscular y la resistencia son el área de interés más importante. Eurofit y Brockport Battery son las más utilizadas para evaluar la condición física. El presente estudio permite reconocer los diferentes test y medidas existentes para evaluar la aptitud física en población con discapacidad intelectual, con fines de desarrollar prescripción y diseño de programas de ejercicio físico. Las pruebas Eurofit y Brockport fueron las más utilizadas en población con discapacidad.
Resumen (en)
The objective of this study is to identify processes of evaluation of physical condition that have used field tests in a population with intellectual disabilities from a documentary review of studies that have been carried out between 2009 and 2019. This is a descriptive research focused on the literature review carried out in Ebsco, Embase, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases, with the following inclusion criteria: 1) Languages: English, Spanish, and Portuguese, 2) Target populations: pediatric <18 years, 3) Type of access: free full access. Spain and United States are leaders in the production of literature about physical fitness related to health in these populations. In Latin America, Brazil leads the research in this area. Physical qualities such as cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and endurance are the most important areas of interest. Eurofit and Brockport Battery are the most used tests to assess physical condition. The present study allows us to recognize the different existing tests and measures to assess physical fitness in a population with intellectual disabilities, to develop a prescription and design of physical exercise programs. The Eurofit and Brockport tests were the most used with the population with disabilities.
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