Publicado
2023-12-20

Uso de mejoradores cognitivos transcraneales en el deporte, consideraciones bioéticas para profesores y entrenadores

Use of Transcranial Cognitive Enhancers in Sports: Bioethical Considerations for Teachers and Coaches

Uso de aprimoradores cognitivos transcranianos no esporte: considerações bioéticas para professores e treinadores

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15332/2422474X.9510
Henry Caro
Luz Amelia Hoyos

Resumo (pt)

O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar considerações globais da bioética do esporte, dirigidas a professores e treinadores, sobre o uso de aprimoradores
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cognitivos transcranianos. Esses dispositivos foram criados para estimular o cérebro elétrica ou magneticamente a fim de aumentar a concentração, o estado de alerta ou a memória. A bioética esportiva se preocupa em investigar as implicações éticas, sociais e comportamentais dessa biotecnologia, prevendo que os atletas podem desconhecer as desvantagens para sua saúde, receber sanções e, indiretamente, colocar-se a serviço de seus agentes. Foi utilizada a revisão documental. Suas conquistas correspondem ao campo clínico e ao nível esportivo, mas em menor grau. A publicidade superestima suas realizações. As conclusões destacam a necessidade de educar professores e treinadores sobre as repercussões bioéticas dessa biotecnologia, pois seus criadores se aproveitam da falta de conhecimento dos atletas sobre sua eficácia, da lacuna regulatória e da ausência de um marco legal.

Palavras-chave (pt): bioética do esporte, esporte, aprimoramento cognitivo artificial, aprimoradores cognitivos transcranianos, professores/treinadores

Resumo (en)

The aim was to develop global considerations from the field of Sports Bioethics, addressed to teachers and coaches, regarding the use of transcranial cognitive enhancers. These devices were created to electrically or magnetically stimulate the brain in order to enhance concentration, alertness, or memory. Sports bioethics focuses on investigating the ethical, social, and behavioral implications of this biotechnology, foreseeing that athletes may be unaware of the disadvantages to their health, face sanctions, and indirectly serve their marketers. A documentary review was used. Its achievements correspond to the clinical and sports field, but to a lesser extent. Advertising overestimates its scope. The conclusions emphasize the need to educate teachers and coaches about the bioethical implications of this biotechnology because its designers take advantage of the athletes’ lack of knowledge regarding its effectiveness, the regulatory vacuum and the absence of a legal framework.

Palavras-chave (en): sports bioethics, sport, artificial cognitive enhancement, transcranial cognitive enhancers, teachers/coaches

Resumo (es)

El objetivo fue elaborar consideraciones glocales desde la Bioética del deporte, dirigidas a profesores y entrenadores, sobre el uso de mejoradores cognitivos transcraneales. Estos artefactos se crearon para estimular el cerebro de manera eléctrica o magnética buscando amplificar la concentración, el estado de alerta o la memoria. La bioética del deporte se ocupa de investigar las implicaciones éticas, sociales y comportamentales sobre dicha biotecnología, avizorando que el deportista podría desconocer las desventajas para su salud, recibir sanciones y colocarse indirectamente al servicio de sus comercializadores. Se empleó la revisión documental. Sus logros corresponden al ámbito clínico y también a nivel deportivo, pero en menor medida. La publicidad sobredimensiona sus alcances. Las conclusiones destacan que es necesario ilustrar a profesores y entrenadores sobre las repercusiones bioéticas de esta biotecnología, porque sus diseñadores aprovechan el desconocimiento de los deportistas sobre su efectividad, el vacío normativo y la ausencia de un marco legal.

Palavras-chave (es): bioética del deporte, deporte, mejora cognitiva artificial, mejoradores cognitivos transcraneales
Henry Caro, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional

Posdoctorando del Énfasis de Educación en Ciencias del Doctorado Interinstitucional en Educación (DIE). Doctor en Bioética por la Universidad El Bosque; Doctor en Educación por la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Profesor de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional.

Luz Amelia Hoyos, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional

Doctora Europea en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. Investigadora Asociada Minciencias. Investigadora en el campo de las Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. Profesora e investigadora del Doctorado Interinstitucional en Educación DIE. Coordinadora de la Licenciatura en Deporte.

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Caro, H., & Hoyos, L. A. (2023). Uso de aprimoradores cognitivos transcranianos no esporte: considerações bioéticas para professores e treinadores. Cuerpo, Cultura Y Movimiento, 13(2), 24-39. https://doi.org/10.15332/2422474X.9510