Perfil del patrón de sueño en deportistas universitarios
Sleep pattern profile in university athletes
Resumo (pt)
El objetivo de la presente investigación es describir y analizar los patrones de sueño de hombres y mujeres deportistas universitarios practicantes de fútbol, baloncesto, voleibol, atletismo, natación y taekwondo. Participaron 114 deportistas (56 hombres, 58 mujeres), quienes durante 7 días utilizaron un acelerómetro modelo wGT3X-BT al momento de dormir. Todas las mediciones fueron realizadas al inicio del periodo de preparación de los deportistas. Se presentaron interacciones entre el sexo y el deporte para la eficiencia de sueño (p = 0.006), el tiempo en despertar (p = 0.016), el tiempo en cama (p = 0.048) y el tiempo de sueño (p = 0.006). La latencia, así como la cantidad y la duración de los despertares, no difieren según el sexo ni el deporte practicado. Independientemente del deporte, los hombres presentan una mayor cantidad (p = 0.046) y duración (p =0.002) de despertares que las mujeres. Se observaron valores de eficiencia y duración de sueño inferiores a los deseados. Se recomienda vigilar los patrones de sueño de los deportistas universitarios, ya que las obligaciones académicas podrían afectar sus hábitos de sueño.
Resumo (en)
The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the sleep patterns of male and female university athletes practicing soccer, basketball, volleyball, athletics, swimming, and taekwondo. A total of 114 athletes (56 men, 58 women) participated, who used a wGT3X-BT accelerometer during 7 days while sleeping. All measurements were taken at the beginning of the athletes' preparation period. Interactions between gender and sport were found for sleep efficiency (p = 0.006), time in awakening (p = 0.016), time in bed (p = 0.048) and sleep time (p = 0.006). The latency, as well as the number and duration of awakenings, did not differ between gender and sport. Regardless of the sport, men showed a greater number (p = 0.046) and duration (p = 0.002) of awakenings than women. Sleep efficiency and sleep duration values were lower than desired. It is recommended to monitor the sleep patterns of university athletes, since academic obligations could affect their sleep habits.
Referências
ActiGraph. (2012). ActiLife 6 User’s Manual. http://s3.amazonaws.com/actigraphcorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/22094126/GT3X-wGT3X-Device-Manual-110315.pdf
Ben Cheikh, R., Latiri, I., Dogui, M. y Ben Saad, H. (2016). Effects of one night sleep deprivation on selective attention and isometric force in adolescent karate athletes. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 57(6), 752-759. https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/sports-med-physical-fitness/article.php?cod=R40Y2017N06A0752
Carazo-Vargas, P. y Moncada-Jiménez, J. (2020). The association between sleep efficiency and physical performance in taekwondo university students. Retos, 37, 227-232. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.69860
Carrier, J., Sembad, K., Deurveilherd, S., Drogosg, L., Lorda, C. y Sekerovick, Z. (2017). Sex differences in age-related changes in the sleep-wake cycle. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 47, 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.004
Chennaoui, M., Arnal, P. J., Sauvet, F. y Léger, D. (2015). Sleep and exercise: A reciprocal issue? Sleep Medicine Reviews, 20, 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.06.008
Copenhaver, E. A. y Diamond, A. B. (2017). The value of sleep on athletic performance, injury, and recovery in the young athlete. Pediatric annals, 46(3), e106-e111. https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20170221-01
Fullagar, H. H., Duffield, R., Skorski, S., Coutts, A. J., Julian, R. y Meyer, T. (2015). Sleep and Recovery in Team Sport: Current Sleep-Related Issues Facing Professional Team-Sport Athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 10(8), 950-957. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0565
Fullagar, H. H., Skorski, S., Duffield, R., Hammes, D., Coutts, A. J. y Meyer, T. (2015). Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Med, 45(2), 161-186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0260-0
Gómez-González, B., Domínguesz-Salazar, E., Hurtado-Alvarado, G., Esqueda-León, E., Santana-Miranda, R., Rojas-Zamorano, J. A. y Velázquez-Moctezuma, J. (2012). Role of sleep in the regulation of the immune system and the pituitary hormones. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1261(1), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06616.x
Halson, S.L. (2014a). Monitoring Training Load to Understand Fatigue in Athletes. Sports Medicine, 44(Suppl 2), S139–S147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0253-z
Halson, S.L. (2014b). Sleep in elite athletes and nutritional interventions to enhance sleep. Sports Med, 44 (Suppl 1), S13-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0147-0
Keramidas, M., Gadefors, M., Nilsson, L. O. y Eiken, O. (2018). Physiological and psychological determinants of whole-body endurance exercise following short-term sustained operations with partial sleep deprivation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118, 1373–1384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3869-0
Ketema, P., Dugovic, C., Turek, F. y Laposky, A. (2006). Diurnal Sex Differences in the Sleep-Wake Cycle of Mice are Dependent on Gonadal Function. Sleep, 29(9), 1211–1223. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/29.9.1211
Leeder, J., Glaister, M., Pizzoferro, K., Dawson, J. y Pedlar, C. (2012). Sleep duration and quality in elite athletes measured using wristwatch actigraphy. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(6), 541–545. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.660188
Mah, C. D., Mah, K. E., Kezirian, E. J. y Dement, W. C. (2011). The effects of sleep extension on the athletic performance of collegiate basketball players. Sleep, 34(7), 943-950. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.1132
Milewski, M., Skaggs, D., Bishop, G., Pace, J., Ibrahim, D., Wren, T. y Barzdukas, A. (2014). Chronic lack of sleep is associated with increased sports injuries in adolescent athletes. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 34(2), 129-133. https://doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0000000000000151
Mong, J. y Cusmano, D. (2015). Sex differences in sleep: impact of biological sex and sex steroids. Philosophical Transactions B Royal Society, 371(1688), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0110
Peake, J. M., Neubauer, O., Walsh, N. P. y Simpson, R. J. (2016). Recovery of the immune system after exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 122 (5), 1077-1087. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2016
Reeve, S., Sheaves, B. y Freeman, D. (2018). Sleep Disorders in Early Psychosis: Incidence, Severity, and Association with Clinical Symptoms. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 45(2), 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby129
Saner, N. J., Lee, M. J. C., Pitchford, N. W., Kuang, J., Roach, G. D., Garnham, A., Stokes, T., Phillips, S., Bishop, J. y Bartlett, J. D. (2020). The effect of sleep restriction, with or without high‐intensity interval exercise, on myofibrillar protein synthesis in healthy young men. The Journal of physiology, 598(8), 1523-1536. https://doi.org/10.1113/jp278828
Sargent, C., Lastella, M., Halson, S. y Roach, G. (2014). The impact of training schedules on the sleep and fatigue of elite athletes. Chronobiology International, 31(10), 1160–1168. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2014.957306
Sargent, C., Lastella, M., Halson, S., y Roach, G. (2016). The validity of activity monitors for measuring sleep in elite athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19, 848–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.007
Schwartz, J. y Simon, R. (2015). Sleep extension improves serving accuracy: A study with college varsity tennis players. Physiology & Behavior, 151, 541–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.035
Simpson, N. S., Gibbs, E. L. y Matheson, G. O. (2017). Optimizing sleep to maximize performance: implications and recommendations for elite athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 27(3), 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12703
Skein, M., Duffield, R., Minett, G., Snape, A. y Murphy, A. (2013). The Effect of Overnight Sleep Deprivation After Competitive Rugby League Matches on Postmatch Physiological and Perceptual Recovery. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8, 556-564. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.5.556
Taylor, S., Rogers, G. y Driver, H. (1997). Effects of training volume on sleep, psychological, and selected physiological profiles of elite female swimmers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29(5), 688-693. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705000-00016
Tuomilehto, H., Vuorinen, V. P., Penttilä, E., Kivimäki, M., Vuorenmaa, M., Venojärvi, M., Airaksinen, O. y Pihlajamäki, J. (2017). Sleep of professional athletes: Underexploited potential to improve health and performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(7), 704-710. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1184300
Van Der Werf, Y. D., Altena, E., Schoonheim, M. M., Sanz-Arigita, E. J., Vis, J. C., De Rijke, W. y Van Someren, E. J. W. (2009). Sleep benefits subsequent hippocampal functioning. Nature Neuroscience, 12(2), 122-123. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2253
Vyazovskiy, V.V. (2015). Sleep, recovery, and metaregulation: explaining the benefits of sleep. Nature and science of sleep, 7, 171-184. https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s54036
Walsh, J., Sanders, D., Hamilton, D. y Walshe, I. (2019). Sleep profiles of elite swimmers during different training phases. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(3), 811–818. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002866
Walsh, N. P., Halson, S. L., Sargent, C., Roach, G. D., Nédélec, M., Gupta, L., Leeder, J., Fullagar, H. H., Coutts, A. J., Edwards, B. J., Pullinger, S. A., Robertson, C. M., Burniston, J. G., Lastella, M., Le Meur, Y., Hausswirth, C., Bender, A. M., Grandner, M. A. y Samuels, C. H. (2020). Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations. British Journal of Sports Medicine, bjsports-2020-102025. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102025
Watson, N.F., Badr, M.S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D.L., Buxton, O.M., Kushida, C., Malhotra, M., Martin, J., Patel, S., Quan, S. y Tasali, E. (2015). Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: Methodology and Discussion. Sleep, 38(8), 1161-1183. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4716
Xu, W., Tan, C. C., Zou, J. J., Cao, X. P. y Tan, L. (2020). Sleep problems and risk of all-cause cognitive decline or dementia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 91(3), 236-244. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-321896
Zhang, Y., Ren, R., Lei, F., Zhou, J., Zhang, J., Wing, Y.-K., Sanford, L. D. y Tang, X. (2019). Worldwide and regional prevalence rates of co-occurrence of insomnia and insomnia symptoms with obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 45, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.01.004
Como Citar
Licença
Os conteúdos da Revista de Investigación Cuerpo, Cultura y Movimiento são publicados sob a licença Creative Commons Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
ACEITAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES PELOS AUTORES
O envio do artigo implica a aceitação das condições expressas neste documento.
