Biopsychosocial factors affected by muscle dysmorphia: to what extent do clinical assessment questionnaires cover them?
Factores biopsicosociales afectados por la dismorfia muscular: ¿en qué medida los cubren los cuestionarios de evaluación clínica?
Fatores biopsicossociais afetados pela dismorfia muscular: até que ponto os questionários de avaliação clínica os abrangem?
Abstract (en)
Background: muscle dysmorphia (MD) affects several health-related aspects. Assessing how MD questionnaires cover biopsychosocial domains helps clinicians to better describe health status and set treatment goals. Aim: to identify clinical questionnaires for MD and link their content with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: a literature review identified MD questionnaires. The instruments’ items were linked to the ICF. Results: four questionnaires were identified: ACQ, MASS, MDDI and MDI. Forty-four significant concepts were identified from the seventy-two questionnaire items and linked to twenty-six ICF categories, with predominance of body functions (42,4%, n = 11 categories), activities and participation (34,6%, n = 9), environmental factors (19,2%, n = 5), and body structures (3,8%, n = 1). Conclusion: All instruments focused on body functions, and they poorly covered body structures and environmental factors. MASS and ACQ presented the most diverse coverage of categories, enabling broader assessment of health aspects.
Abstract (es)
Introducción: la dismorfia muscular (DM) afecta varios aspectos relacionados con la salud. Evaluar cómo los cuestionarios de DM cubren los dominios biopsicosociales ayuda a los profesionales de la salud a describir mejor el estado de salud y establecer objetivos de tratamiento. Objetivo: identificar cuestionarios clínicos para la DM y vincular su contenido con la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud (CIF). Métodos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura identificando cuestionarios de DM; después de eso, se vincularon los ítems de los cuestionarios al contenido del CIF. Resultados: se identificaron cuatro cuestionarios: ACQ, MASS, MDDI y MDI. Se reconocieron 44 conceptos significativos a partir de los 72 ítems del cuestionario y se vincularon a 26 categorías de la CIF, con predominio de funciones corporales (42,4%, n = 11 categorías), actividades y participación (34,6%, n = 9), factores ambientales (19,2%, n = 5) y estructuras corporales (3,8%, n = 1). Conclusión: todos los instrumentos se centraron en las funciones corporales y cubrieron mal las estructuras corporales y los factores ambientales. MASS y ACQ presentaron la cobertura más diversa de categorías, lo que permitió una evaluación más amplia de los aspectos de salud.
Abstract (pt)
Introdução: a dismorfia muscular (DM) afeta diversos aspectos relacionados à saúde. Avaliar como os questionários de DM abarcam os domínios biopsicossociais auxilia profissionais de saúde a descrever melhor o estado de saúde dos pacientes, bem como definir metas de tratamento. Objetivo: identificar questionários de avaliação clínica para DM e vincular seu conteúdo à Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF). Método: conduziu-se uma revisão da literatura que identificou questionários de DM e, em seguida, os itens dos instrumentos foram vinculados à CIF. Resultados: identificaram-se quatro questionários: ACQ, MASS, MDDI e MDI. Os questionários totalizaram 72 itens, dos quais foram identificados 44 conceitos significativos e vinculados a 26 categorias da CIF, com predominância de funções do corpo (42,4%, n = 11 categorias), atividades e participação (34,6%, n = 9), fatores ambientais (19,2%, n = 5) e estruturas do corpo (3,8%, n = 1). Conclusão: todos os instrumentos focaram nas funções do corpo e pouco abarcaram estruturas do corpo e os fatores ambientais. MASS e ACQ apresentaram as mais diversas coberturas de categorias, possibilitando uma avaliação mais ampla dos aspectos de saúde.
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