Investigação de violências no trabalho: recomendações para a construção de vinhetas como instrumento de pesquisa
Investigating workplace violence Recommendations for constructing vignettes as a research instrument
Investigación de violencias en el trabajo: recomendaciones para la construcción de viñetas como instrumento de investigación
Resumen (es)
Objetivo: evidenciar el uso de viñetas como instrumento de recolección de datos en investigaciones sobre violencias laborales y sistematizar recomendaciones para su construcción y utilización. Método: revisión narrativa de la literatura nacional e internacional, con búsquedas en Google Académico y Web of Science, complementadas por las referencias de los materiales recuperados. Resultados: Las viñetas son descripciones breves de personas o situaciones que simulan características clave de vivencias reales. Por su carácter hipotético, establecen distancia entre participante y fenómeno, reducen el sesgo de deseabilidad social y viabilizan la investigación de temas perturbadores, vergonzosos o moralmente evitados. Resultan adecuadas para las violencias laborales, marcadas por situaciones veladas y por obstáculos éticos y logísticos para la recolección de datos en contextos reales. Las recomendaciones se organizan en ejes: sustentación teórica del fenómeno; realismo y ambigüedad de los escenarios; estructura, cantidad y extensión ajustadas a los objetivos y al público; perspectiva de respuesta; bienestar de las personas participantes; y validación por especialistas y estudio piloto. Conclusiones: Las viñetas construidas y validadas de acuerdo con estas recomendaciones pueden alcanzar validez interna y externa, ampliando las posibilidades de investigar las violencias laborales en América Latina, siempre que se describan con transparencia y se difundan cuando sea posible.
Resumen (pt)
Objetivo: evidenciar o uso de vinhetas como instrumento de coleta de dados em pesquisas sobre violências no trabalho e sistematizar recomendações para sua construção e utilização. Método: revisão narrativa da literatura nacional e internacional, com buscas no Google Acadêmico e na Web of Science, complementadas pelas referências citadas nos materiais recuperados. Resultados: Vinhetas são descrições breves de pessoas ou situações que reproduzem características-chave de vivências reais. Por seu caráter hipotético, estabelecem distância entre participante e fenômeno, reduzem o viés de desejabilidade social e viabilizam a investigação de temas perturbadores, constrangedores ou moralmente evitados. Mostram-se adequadas às violências no trabalho, marcadas por situações veladas e por obstáculos éticos e logísticos à coleta em contextos reais. As recomendações sistematizadas organizam-se em eixos: sustentação teórica do fenômeno; realismo e ambiguidade dos cenários; estrutura, quantidade e extensão ajustadas aos objetivos e ao público-alvo; perspectiva de resposta; cuidados com o bem-estar das pessoas participantes; e validação por especialistas e estudo-piloto. Conclusões: Vinhetas construídas e validadas segundo as recomendações podem alcançar validade interna e externa, ampliando as possibilidades de investigação das violências no trabalho na América Latina, desde que descritas com transparência e disponibilizadas sempre que possível.
Resumen (en)
Aim: To demonstrate the use of vignettes as a data collection instrument in research on workplace violence and to systematize recommendations for their construction and use. Method: Narrative review of the national and international literature, with searches in Google Scholar and Web of Science, complemented by references cited in the retrieved materials. Results: Vignettes are brief descriptions of people or situations that simulate key features of real-life experiences. Being hypothetical, they create distance between participant and phenomenon, reduce social desirability bias, and enable the investigation of disturbing, embarrassing, or morally avoided topics. They are suited to workplace violence, which is marked by concealed situations and by ethical and logistical obstacles to data collection in real settings. The systematized recommendations are organized around the following dimensions: theoretical grounding of the phenomenon; realism and ambiguity of scenarios; structure, number, and length adjusted to objectives and target audience; response perspective; safeguards for participant well-being; and validation by experts and pilot testing. Conclusions: Vignettes built and validated according to these recommendations can achieve internal and external validity, expanding the possibilities for investigating workplace violence in Latin America, provided they are transparently described and made available whenever possible.
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