Combatientes terroristas extranjeros. Consideraciones acerca del perfil múltiple
Foreign terrorist fighters. Considerations about the multiple profile
Combatentes terroristas estrangeiros. Considerações sobre o perfil múltiplo
Abstract (en)
Given the difficulty of finding a profile that defines the generality of foreign terrorist fighters and considering the specific case of Al Qaeda and Dáesh, in the framework of the conflict of the war in Syria and Iraq, this paper studies how to dissociate this profile into a series of much more concrete and definable sub-profiles. In these sub-profiles, defined based on characteristics that present a low sensitivity to the inevitable variations that arise associated with the increase in the number of individuals over time, certain matrix analysis techniques can already be applied, from which certain conclusions can be observed.
Abstract (es)
Ante la dificultad de encontrar un perfil que defina la generalidad de los combatientes terroristas extranjeros y, teniendo en cuenta el caso específico de Al Qaeda y el Dáesh, en el marco del conflicto de la guerra de Siria e Irak, este trabajo se enfoca en la manera de disociar dicho perfil en una serie de subperfiles más concretos y definibles. Estos subperfiles, conceptualizados con base en características poco sensibles a las variaciones inevitables que surgen con el aumento en el número de individuos a lo largo del tiempo, permiten la aplicación de técnicas de análisis de tipo matricial, a partir de las cuales puedan plantearse algunas conclusiones.
Abstract (pt)
Diante da dificuldade de encontrar um perfil que defina a generalidade dos combatentes terroristas estrangeiros, e considerando o caso específico da Al-Qaeda e do Dáesh, no contexto do conflito da guerra na Síria e no Iraque, este trabalho estuda a maneira de dissociar tal perfil em uma série de sub-perfis mais concretos e definíveis. Nos sub-perfis definidos com base em características que apresentam uma sensibilidade reduzida às variações inevitáveis que surgem com o aumento no número de indivíduos ao longo do tempo, já podem ser aplicadas certas técnicas de análise do tipo matricial, a partir das quais algumas conclusões podem ser observadas.
References
Antúnez, J. C. (2016, 8 de septiembre). Los combatientes europeos del Dáesh: ideología, perfil y motivación. Análisis GESI. https://www.defensa.com/analisis-gesi/combatientes-europeos-daesh-ideologia-perfil-motivacion
Apellaniz, A. (2023). ¿Terrorismo o insurgencia en el Sahel? Comillas Journal of International Relations, (26), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.14422/cir.i26.y2023.001
Barret, R. (2017). Beyond the Caliphate: Foreign Fighters and the Threat of Returnees. The Soufan Center y The Global Strategy Network. https://thesoufancenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Beyond-the-Caliphate-Foreign-Fighters-and-the-Threat-of-Returnees-TSC-Report-October-2017-v3.pdf
Catalá de Alemany, J. (1973). Introducción. Capítulo I. “Medida de magnitudes y errores”. En, Física general (6ª ed., pp. 1-2). Talleres del Instituto Geográfico y Catastral.
Confilegal. (2017, 15 de agosto). ¿Cómo ha evolucionado el perfil del yihadista en España? https://confilegal.com/20170815-como-ha-evolucionado-el-perfil-del-yihadista-en-espana/
Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas. (2014, 24 de septiembre). Resolución 2178 (2014), S/RES/2178 (2014), pp. 2-3. https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=S%2FRES%2F2178%2520(2014)&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False
Esteban, A. (2019). Islam versus Yihad: La ola migratoria. Documentos de Seguridad y defensa 82, Instituto de Estudios Estratégicos (IIEES). https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/libro/741828.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjRy6ijxLeMAxUlB9sEHQsUFC8QFnoECBkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0u_w1Jod04ONFjRcIM2t1S
Gil, J. y Crespo, A. (Coords.). (2023). El terrorismo como amenaza para la seguridad: historia, evolución y retos pendientes. Comillas Journal of International Relations, (26), III-VI. https://revistas.comillas.edu/index.php/internationalrelations/article/view/20197
Hegghammer, T. (2010/2011). The rise of muslim foreign fighters. Islam and the globalization of Jihad. International Security, 35(3), 53-94. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40981252
Jalloul, H. (2023). La prevención de la radicalización violenta como método más eficaz contra el terrorismo internacional: el caso del yihadismo. Comillas Journal of International Relations, (26), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.14422/cir.i26.y2023.006
Lewis, J. y Gambhir, H. (2015, 22 de febrero). Islamic State’s Global Ambitions. ISIS—no longer a regional problem—is executing a complex strategy across three geographic rings. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/islamic-states-global-ambitions-1424646205
Malet, D. (2007). The Foreign Fighter Project. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OYd7H0gAAAAJ&hl=en
Malet, D. (2009). Foreign Fighters: Transnational Identity in Civil Conflicts. Oxford University Press. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OYd7H0gAAAAJ&hl=en
Martín Barreda, S. (2017, julio). Foreign fighters and EU counter-terrorism policy; protecting or restriction of fundamental rights? Repositorio Documental Gredos. https://gredos.usal.es/
Meines, M., Molenkamp, M., Ramadan, O. y Ranstorp, M. (2017). Respuestas a los combatientes terroristas extranjeros repatriados y a sus familias. Manual RAN. Centre of Excellence, Red de Sensibilización sobre la Radicalización. https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2019-12/ran_br_a4_m10_es.pdf
Mora, J. A. (2016, 6 de julio). Yihad 3.3, la amenaza de los [combatientes] retornados. Bie3: Boletín IEEE, (3), 60-75. http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/docs_analisis/2016/DIEEEA46-2016_Yiyad3.3_RetornoCombatientes_JAMT.pdf
Navarro, I. (2018). La nueva narrativa del terrorismo internacional en África: respuestas y resultados. Comillas Journal of International Relations, (13), 28-48. https://doi.org/10.14422/cir.i13.y2018.003
The Soufan Group. (2015, 8 de diciembre). Foreign Fighters. An Updated Assessment of the Flow of Foreign Fighters into Syria and Iraq. https://www.soufangroup.com/
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Universidad Santo Tomás

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).




