Published
2021-03-16

De balas, política y medios informativos: análisis de la cobertura periodística de tiroteos escolares en The New York Times (1999-2018)

Bullets, politics, and news media: analysis of journalistic coverage of school shootings in The New York Times’s (1999-2018)

Balles, politique et médias d'information: une analyse de la couverture des fusillades dans les écoles par le New York Times (1999-2018)

Balas, política e mídia: análise da cobertura jornalística de tiroteios em escolas no The New York Times (1999-2018)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15332/21459169.6312
Camila Granados Pérez
Eduar Barbosa Caro

Abstract (en)

This article presents the results of an analysis of the coverage by The New York Times to the Columbine (1999), Virginia Tech (2007), Sandy Hook (2012) and Marjory Stoneman (2018) school shootings, considered as the deadliest school shootings in the United States in the last 25 years. Through a content analysis based on the framing theory, the study reveals that, after the Sandy Hook shooting there was a narrative shift that was accentuated with the Marjory Stoneman event, in which the political debate played a leading part, beyond the event itself. This in turn, influenced the life cycle of the news. An analysis of the sociopolitical context surrounding each of these events allowed us to conclude that, as this debate became more  widespread, the political actors related to these events acquired greater relevance, a symptom of the changing society in which the events unfolded. In this way, the newspaper took a more critical role regarding its management and gave more importance to the conflict frame over the human interest frame. This relationship between news production, tragic events and politics allows us to discuss how the voice and power of a media, by recognizing its own transformative potential, can determine basic aspects of the coverage, such as the characterization of the actors involved or the topics that are emphasized in the articles.

Keywords (en): mass shooting, gun control, mediatization of violence, media coverage, framing

Abstract (es)

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un análisis a la cobertura realizada por el diario The New York Times a los tiroteos escolares de Columbine (1999), Virginia Tech (2007), Sandy Hook (2012) y Marjory Stoneman (2018), considerados los más letales de Estados Unidos en los últimos 25 años. A través de un análisis de contenido basado en la teoría del encuadre, el estudio revela que, tras el tiroteo de Sandy Hook, se presentó un cambio narrativo que se acentuó con el suceso de Marjory Stoneman, en el cual el debate político se convirtió en el protagonista, más allá del suceso mismo. Esto, a su vez, influyó en el ciclo de vida de las noticias. Un análisis del entorno sociopolítico que rodeó a cada uno de estos sucesos permitió concluir que, al tiempo que este debate se masificó, los actores políticos relacionados con los hechos adquirieron mayor relevancia, un síntoma de la sociedad cambiante dentro de la cual se desarrollan los eventos. De esta forma, el diario tomó un rol más crítico respecto a su gestión y dio más importancia al marco de conflicto sobre el marco de interés humano. Esta relación entre producción noticiosa, sucesos trágicos y política permite discutir cómo la voz y el poder de un medio, al reconocer su propio potencial transformador, puede determinar aspectos básicos de la cobertura, como la caracterización de los actores involucrados o los temas en los cuales se hace énfasis en los artículos.

Keywords (es): tiroteos masivos, debate de armas, mediatización de la violencia, cobertura mediática, encuadres

Abstract (pt)

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma análise da cobertura do The New York Times sobre os tiroteios escolares de Columbine (1999), Virginia Tech (2007), Sandy Hook (2012) e Marjory Stoneman (2018), considerados os mais letais dos Estados Unidos nos últimos 25 anos. Por meio de uma análise de conteúdo baseada na teoria do enquadramento, o estudo revela que, após o tiroteio de Sandy Hook, foi apresentada uma mudança narrativa que foi acentuada com o ocorrido de Marjory Stoneman, no qual o debate político se tornou o protagonista, mais além do próprio ocorrido. Isso, por sua vez, influenciou o ciclo de vida das notícias. Uma análise do ambiente sociopolítico que cercava cada um desses eventos nos permitiu concluir que, à medida que esse debate se tornava mais concorrido, os atores políticos relacionados aos acontecimentos se tornaram mais relevantes, sintoma da mudança da sociedade em que ocorrem os eventos. Dessa forma, o jornal assumiu um papel mais crítico em relação à sua gestão e deu mais importância ao quadro de conflitos sobre o quadro de interesse humano. Essa relação entre produção de notícias, eventos trágicos e política nos permite discutir como a voz e o poder de um meio, reconhecendo seu próprio potencial transformador, podem determinar aspectos básicos da cobertura, como a caracterização dos atores envolvidos ou os temas sobre os quais os artigos são enfatizados.

Keywords (pt): tiroteos em massa, debate sobre armas, mediatização da violência, cobertura da mídia, enquadramento

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How to Cite

Granados Pérez, C., & Barbosa Caro, E. (2021). Bullets, politics, and news media: analysis of journalistic coverage of school shootings in The New York Times’s (1999-2018). Analisis, 53(98). https://doi.org/10.15332/21459169.6312