La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en casos contra Ucrania como factor determinante de la transformación de la legislación procesal penal
Case law of the European Court of Human Rights in cases against Ukraine as a determinant of the transformation of criminal procedural legislation
Resumen (es)
Este artículo aborda cuestiones apremiantes respecto a la protección de los derechos humanos a la luz de la aplicación de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en los procesos penales en Ucrania. Se destacan y resumen las particularidades de la jurisdicción del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en materia penal. Además, se realiza un análisis teórico del procedimiento para recurrir ante dicho tribunal. Se observa que la violación de las normas del Convenio para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales en la práctica de los organismos encargados de hacer cumplir la ley y de los tribunales en Ucrania no se limita a casos aislados ni a particularidades de los mismos, sino que es consecuencia de numerosas deficiencias en la práctica que son incompatibles con las disposiciones del Convenio. Se señala que las novedades del Código de Procedimiento Penal de Ucrania expedido en 2012 radican en las disposiciones de los artículos 8 y 9, que establecen que el principio del Estado de derecho y la legalidad en los procesos penales se aplica teniendo en cuenta la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Es importante considerar que la aplicación de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos desempeña un papel fundamental en la eliminación de las causas que dieron lugar a la violación de los derechos humanos y que fueron objeto de análisis de los casos y de la emisión de una sentencia definitiva, cuya aplicación es obligatoria para cada Estado parte del Convenio.
Resumen (en)
The article addresses pressing issues concerning the protection of human rights through the application of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in criminal proceedings in Ukraine. It outlines and systematizes the specific features of the Court’s jurisdiction in the field of criminal justice. It also provides a theoretical analysis of the procedural mechanism for applying to the European Court of Human Rights. It is noted that violations of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the practice of law enforcement bodies and courts in Ukraine are not merely isolated incidents or case-specific irregularities but rather stem from numerous recurring shortcomings in practice that are inconsistent with Convention standards. It is stated that one of the key innovations of the 2012 Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine lies in Articles 8 and 9, which establish that the principles of the rule of law and legality in criminal proceedings must be implemented with due regard to the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. It is further emphasized that reliance on the Court’s case law plays a central role in eliminating the underlying causes of human rights violations that have led to judicial review and the adoption of final judgments binding on every State Party to the Convention.
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