Publicado
2021-10-26

La risa contagiosa como estímulo incondicionado en condicionamiento clásico de actitudes hacia marcas comerciales

Contagious Laughter as an Unconditioned Stimulus in Classical Conditioning of Attitudes towards Commercial Brands

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15332/22563067.7111
Guillermo Arévalo-Pachón
Julio Eduardo Cruz

Resumen (es)

Antecedentes: la literatura sobre condicionamiento clásico de actitudes (CCA) no reporta utilización de vocalizaciones humanas para crear o intensificar actitudes. Objetivo: el propósito del estudio fue comprobar la capacidad de los estímulos acústicos de risa contagiosa para originar actitudes positivas hacia marcas comerciales neutras cuando éstos se utilizan como estímulos incondicionados en CCA. Muestra: 60 universitarios de ambos sexos con edades entre 18 y 30 años. Metodología: con base en un diseño experimental intrasujeto se aplicó el CCA, que implicó apareamiento simultáneo de marcas comerciales neutras con risas más y menos contagiosas. Se verificaron 5 hipótesis que compararon actitudes explícitas (medidas con diferencial semántico) e implícitas (medidas mediante un priming evaluativo y amplitud electromiográfica -EMC- del músculo cigomático) entre el pre y el poscondicionamiento y entre marcas condicionadas con risas más vs. menos contagiosas. Resultados: con respecto a línea de base, se observaron mayores actitudes explícitas poscondicionamiento hacia marcas comerciales apareadas con risas más contagiosas; no se encontraron diferencias actitudinales explícitas entre marcas condicionadas con risas más vs. menos contagiosas. Sólo se evidenciaron diferencias actitudinales implícitas entre el pre y el poscondicionamiento de la marca comercial apareada con risa masculina más contagiosa. No se observaron diferencias en la amplitud EMG del cigomático entre el pre y el poscondicionamiento ni entre marcas comerciales apareadas con risas más vs. menos contagiosas. Conclusiones: la risa contagiosa tiene capacidad para transferir valencia afectiva a estímulos neutros y no siempre se observa concordancia entre las actitudes explícitas e implícitas poscondicionamiento.

Palabras clave (es): condicionamiento clásico, actitudes, risa contagiosa, marcas comerciales, priming evaluativo, electromiografía

Resumen (en)

Background: the literature on classical attitude conditioning (CAC) does not report the use of human vocalizations to create or intensify attitudes. Objective: the purpose of the study was to verify the capacity of contagious laughter acoustic stimuli to originate positive attitudes towards neutral commercial brands when they are used as unconditional stimuli in CAC. Sample: 60 university students of both sexes aged between 18 and 30 years. Methodology: based on an intra-subject experimental design the CAC was applied, which involved simultaneous mating of neutral commercial brands with the more and the less contagious laughs. Five hypotheses were verified that compared explicit (measured with semantic differential) and implicit attitudes (measured by evaluative priming and electromyographic amplitude -EMC- of the zygomatic muscle) between pre and post conditioning and between commercial brands conditioned with more vs less contagious laughs. Results: with respect to the baseline, there were greater explicit post-conditioning attitudes towards commercial brands paired with more contagious laughter; no explicit attitudinal differences were found between brands conditioned with more vs. less contagious laughs. Only implicit attitudinal differences were evidenced between pre and post conditioning of the commercial brand paired with the most contagious male laughter. No differences were observed in the EMG amplitude of the zygomatic between pre and post conditioning or between commercial brands paired with more vs. less contagious laughs. Conclusions: contagious laughter has the capacity to transfer affective valence to neutral stimuli and agreement is not always observed between explicit and implicit postconditioning attitudes.

Palabras clave (en): classical conditioning, attitudes, contagious laughter, commercial brands, evaluative priming, electromyography

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Arévalo-Pachón, G., & Cruz, J. E. . (2021). La risa contagiosa como estímulo incondicionado en condicionamiento clásico de actitudes hacia marcas comerciales. Diversitas, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.15332/22563067.7111

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