The aims of the CITAS journal, of the Faculty of Science and Technology in the Division of Open and Distance Education, are to: (1) present the progress and results of research papers related to science, innovation, technology, environment and society from the Faculty of Science and Technology and the Deanship of the Division of Open and Distance Education (DUAD); and also from other faculties at the Santo Tomás University, from other higher education institutions, and from public and private entities interested in these topics; (2) share experiences and promote the creation of new knowledge through the dissemination of the progress made in projects relating to management (corporate, environmental and/or social), innovation, entrepreneurship and technology transfer that have a national and international impact; and (3) encourage academic production by teaching staff, students and graduates from the Faculty, from the VUAD, from the Santo Tomás University and other higher education institutions. Frequency of publication: Yearly. Electronic ISSN: 2422-4529 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15332/24224529 Email: revistadigital.citas@ustadistancia.edu.co
The authors sign a transfer of rights so that Universidad Santo Tomás can publish the articles under the conditions described below. The authors, readers and other users are free to share, copy, distribute, perform and publicly communicate the work under the following conditions: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. CITAS is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Until 2019 the documents published in the magazine were under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), however, in order to guarantee the open and free distribution of the content published in the magazine, it was decided to change the type Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Para la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Administración (ASCOLFA) y para la Revista Citas de la Universidad Santo Tomás es un verdadero placer compartir, en esta edición, los resultados de investigación de nuestras facultades de administración. Estos trabajos representan el esfuerzo colectivo por proyectar las tendencias y temas de vanguardia que hoy lideran nuestras comunidades académicas, y que resultan esenciales para que las organizaciones respondan de manera competitiva en un entorno complejo y altamente influenciado por las tecnologías emergentes. Con ello reafirmamos nuestro compromiso de difundir conocimiento pertinente, innovador y aplicable, que contribuya a la formación de profesionales y al fortalecimiento del tejido empresarial y social de nuestro país y de la región. Nos complace presentar esta nueva edición de la revista, en la que convergen investigaciones actuales y relevantes que abordan los retos de la administración, la innovación tecnológica y el desarrollo social y empresarial en un mundo en constante transformación. Los artículos que conforman esta publicación ofrecen una mirada integral que combina rigor académico con propuestas aplicables a contextos organizacionales, educativos y productivos.
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Inteligencia Artificial en bibliotecas: automatización y personalización de servicios de información. Una revisión de literatura
In the current context, artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming various sectors, including academic libraries, through the automation and personalization of information services. This article reviews recent literature to explore these applications. The main objective is to analyze how AI can enhance efficiency in resource management and the personalization of services in academic libraries. Methodologically, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), focusing on articles published between 2019 and 2024. Bibliometric and keyword co-occurrence analyses were performed using tools such as VOSviewer® to build a detailed state of the art. The findings indicate that AI can significantly reshape information services in libraries. The automation of routine tasks, such as cataloging and information retrieval, reduces errors and improves operational efficiency, while AI-based recommendation systems provide more effective personalization to meet user needs. However, implementation faces challenges related to technological infrastructure, resource availability, and staff training. AI holds the potential to improve both efficiency and personalization in library services, but its adoption requires overcoming technological and resource barriers. Future research should focus on strategies for integrating AI in resource-limited libraries and on exploring the relationship between organizational capabilities and the success of service personalization.
Analysis of the Free Trade Agreement between the Republic of Colombia and the State of Israel: Opportunities and projections for the agro-industrial sector in the department of Santander
International trade plays a crucial role in the global economy, allowing countries to leverage their competitive advantages and foster economic growth. In this context, Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have become strategic instruments to facilitate and promote the exchange of goods and services between nations. Colombia, as a developing country, has experienced a remarkable increase in its participation in global trade through the signing of various FTAs, which has created significant opportunities for its productive sectors. This document follows the following structure: 1) Diagnose the current state of the Free Trade Agreement between Colombia and Israel. 2) Identify agribusiness products from the Department of Santander with export potential to Israel. 3) Describe technical and cooperation opportunities in agribusiness within the FTA between Colombia and Israel. The research aims to provide valuable information for Colombia’s agro-industrial sector, the government, and interested exporters. This study is expected to strategic and competitive decision-making in the sector, as well as to explore different export opportunities, thereby promoting agribusiness. Ultimately, the objective of this work is to make greater use of those aspects of the FTA that benefit and promote Colombian agriculture.
Impact of quantum computing on organizations and their technological infrastructure
This article investigates the impact of quantum computing (QC) as an emerging technology with the potential to benefit businesses and their technological infrastructure. The main objective is to describe the challenges organizations face when adopting it, as well as the opportunities it offers in increasingly competitive and strategically complex markets driven by exponential growth. The study also identified that, while quantum computing promises to revolutionize areas such as resource optimization, productivity efficiency, and the simulation of future scenarios—enabling better-informed decision-making and risk mitigation—its implementation encounters significant obstacles: high costs, the need for specialized talent, and new security risks. To address these barriers, hybrid models combining cloud and local infrastructure, as well as microservices, have emerged as practical alternatives, enabling organizations to access this technology without requiring substantial initial investment. Ultimately, this research contributes to the academic discussion that quantum computing is not a replacement but rather a complement that can be integrated gradually and carefully. The path forward requires efforts in education and policy to ensure accessible and ethical development, preventing it from becoming a tool reserved for only a few.
Thematic Trends in Research Production at Colombian Universities: An Analysis of Abstracts Presented at the ASCOLFA 2025 Conference
This article analyzes the main emerging topics in the field of management based on the abstracts presented at the Research Meeting of the ASCOLFA 2025 International Conference. The study focused on four thematic axes: digital transformation and new technologies, competencies and professional development, leadership in contexts of change, and innovation and sustainability. Through a mixed methodological approach that combined text mining techniques (TF-IDF, NMF, character n-grams) with interpretive qualitative analysis, common discursive patterns were identified, reflecting a profound reconfiguration of academic and professional priorities in this field. The results show a strong interconnection among the axes, with topics such as ethics, technology, sustainability, and competency-based training running through all discourses. A shift is observed from traditional models centered on efficiency and technocracy toward more human, ethical, and contextualized approaches. This includes a renewed interest in active pedagogical methodologies, the development of distributed and context-sensitive leadership, as well as the incorporation of sustainability as an organizing principle of organizations. From a global perspective, the findings suggest that business schools must transform to address contemporary challenges. This implies updating their teaching methods, strengthening critical thinking, promoting innovation with social and environmental awareness, and opening up to new ways of building knowledge. The research concludes that, in an increasingly complex world, management should be understood not only as a technique of administration but as a transformative practice capable of articulating knowledge, power, and responsibility in diverse contexts.
Trends in organizational culture in primary and secondary educational institutions: a systematic review using the PRISMA methodology (2020–2024)
This systematic review, guided by the PRISMA methodology, analyzes trends in organizational culture within primary and secondary educational institutions across various countries and continents. It identifies predominant research themes and highlights how collective learning emerges as a fundamental strategy for academic management in schools. Indexed databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC) were searched using inclusion criteria encompassing publications from 2020 to 2024. The findings indicate that instructional leadership, job satisfaction, teacher professional development, readiness for organizational change, and collective learning within the internal structure of schools emerge as effective strategies for aligning organizational culture with academic management, serving as key determinants in strengthening school culture. Previous studies have examined organizational culture, collective learning, and academic management separately, without proposing integrative models that address their interrelationship in public school contexts. In response to this gap, the present study provides the foundation for an integrative model that links organizational culture and academic management, mediated by collective learning, thus offering an updated theoretical framework to guide future research in this field.
primary and secondary educational institutions
Factors influencing the creation and development of innovative ventures in tourism companies in the department of La Guajira"Organizational transformation and leadership in the digital age"
This research analyzes dynamic innovative entrepreneurship as a strategic tool to strengthen businesses in the tourism sector of the department of La Guajira, especially those that are part of the orange economy. The study highlights how creative and visionary individuals can identify business opportunities with high growth and innovation potential, contributing to the sustainable development of the tourism business ecosystem. The overall objective was to analyze the characteristics of the entrepreneurial environment and the factors that influence capacity building for new ventures, thus promoting productive and business transformation in small market segments. To this end, theories proposed by authors such as Ibarra and Castrillo (2013), Grebel (2003), Filion (2003), and others were considered, providing key foundations for entrepreneurship and innovation. The study was conducted using a descriptive field approach, non-experimental, and with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of tourism businesses linked to the orange economy in La Guajira. A survey was employed as the data collection technique, using a 30-item Likert-type questionnaire validated by experts and pilot-tested, which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.96 using Cronbach's alpha. The data were statistically analyzed, allowing the measurement of the variables studied and the proposal of actions to foster the creation of new ventures or the improvement of existing ones, adapting them to new market demands. In conclusion, the aim is to strengthen entrepreneurial capacity to achieve innovative and sustainable transformation in the region's tourism sector.
Innovation in customer service: optimizing the university enrollment office. Case study: Universidad Simón Bolívar
The study analyzed customer service innovation in the enrollment office of Universidad Simón Bolívar (Barranquilla) with the aim of proposing strategies to optimize operational efficiency and enhance the student experience. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design was employed, incorporating five-point Likert scale surveys administered to 320 undergraduate and graduate students, as well as semi-structured interviews with five enrollment office staff members. Quantitative analysis was carried out in SPSS, using descriptive statistics to calculate means and standard deviations, and inferential tests to assess correlations between variables. Qualitative data were analyzed in Atlas.ti through thematic coding following Braun and Clarke (2006) and data triangulation (Denzin, 2017) to enrich interpretation. Results showed mean scores of 4.36/5 for perceived innovation in products and services, 3.86/5 for service satisfaction, and 4.18/5 for expectations; innovation in management scored 4.26/5, and administrative process innovation, 3.96/5. A significant positive correlation was identified between innovation and satisfaction (r = 0.72; p < 0.01). Interviews revealed bottlenecks in special-case procedures, gaps in staff digital training, and opportunities to segment service by user type. In conclusion, although digitalization has improved efficiency, it is essential to complement it with continuous training programs, differentiated protocols, and the integration of virtual assistants to bridge the gap between expectations and perceptions, thereby ensuring sustainable improvements aligned with the needs of the student community.
Impact of automation on employment in global industries: A focus on the technology and vehicle manufacturing sectors
This study analyzes the multidimensional impact of automation on employment in the automotive and technology sectors between 2018 and 2023, with projections through 2030. Using a mixed-methods approach—combining quantitative analysis of 650 000 jobs lost and 510 000 new roles created with 15 qualitative case studies—the research reveals a dual effect in the labor market: for every industrial robot implemented, 4,2 traditional jobs are eliminated while 1,8 technology-intensive roles emerge, exacerbating skill polarization (OECD, 2019). Likewise, the digital transition in retail and banking has led to the collapse of indirect employment, eliminating 1,2 million ancillary jobs with a substitution ratio of 1:3,4 in favor of e-commerce (OIT, 2023). Geographic disparities are also evident: German automotive plants managed to retrain 92 % of their workforce, compared to 35 % in traditional U.S. manufacturing (IG Metall, 2023). The study proposes policy interventions, such as robot taxation and STEM education partnerships, to mitigate inequality. Projections indicate potential losses of between 852 000 and 1.1 million jobs by 2030 under current trends, underscoring the urgency of immediate action to align labor policies with the demands of Industry 4.0.
Formulating questions to AI for engaged and agentic learning: a higher education experience
This study examines how question formulation in group activities mediated by artificial intelligence (AI), specifically through ChatGPT, can foster engaged and agentic learning among higher education students. The research involved 17 students enrolled in a Bachelor’s program in Early Childhood Education who interacted with AI as part of a statistics course assignment. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including validated scales, focus group interviews, and interaction logs. The findings reveal strong appreciation of the experience, emphasizing the value of generating clear, contextualized, and diverse questions (interpretive, explanatory, evaluative, inferential, and self-regulatory). Students demonstrated collaborative decision-making abilities, task engagement, and highlighted the importance of teacher guidance in enhancing their interactions with AI. The study suggests that the critical integration of AI into pedagogical practices centered on student-generated questioning enhances meaningful learning outcomes. However, it also warns of the potential risks of overreliance on AI when reflection and instructional monitoring are lacking. The findings offer insights for the ethical and pedagogical use of AI in higher education to strengthen student agency and deepen learning.
Power Marian: inclusive underwear design for the morphological diversity of Colombian women
The lingerie industry has evolved toward proposals that integrate well-being and body diversity. However, in Colombia there remains a gap between the supply of underwear and the morphological needs of local women, due to standardized sizing systems based on foreign patterns. Studies show that this situation affects users’ comfort and self-esteem, becoming a matter of social justice. In response, Power Marian emerges as a brand that proposes an inclusive model based on local anthropometric data and a body-centered design. Inspired by global trends such as Savage X Fenty, the proposal seeks to adapt successful solutions to the Colombian context, promoting more equitable, representative lingerie aligned with the country’s diversity.
Recalibration Intervals for Measuring Equipment with Two or More Calibration Certificates
The calibration of measuring equipment is crucial to ensure accuracy and reliability in test laboratory results. This study describes a systematic approach to establish recalibration intervals in the laboratories of the Aquatic Resources Research Center (CIRA) at UNAN-Managua, based on drift decision analysis to improve measurement quality. Lack of accuracy in measurement systems can affect data quality and lead to incorrect decisions. To address this research, the ILAC-G24/OIML D10:2022 Guide was used, which provides guidelines for the calibration and recalibration of equipment, complemented by an Excel spreadsheet to facilitate data entry and statistical analysis, allowing the estimation of equipment drifts. Measurement error data from calibration certificates were employed, ensuring traceability to the International System of Units (SI). This approach safeguards the integrity and validity of measurements, strengthening the capacity of laboratories to carry out accurate and reliable testing. The study includes the identification of procedures and the development of equations to implement the calibration system. The proposed approach seeks for laboratories not only to comply with international quality standards, but also to enhance the quality of testing and their role in research, thereby contributing to continuous improvement in the management of measurement data.
Regulations as a Key Factor of Transparency. A View from Antioquian NGOs
This article addresses the question of significant advances in the transparency of non-governmental organizations affiliated with the Antioquia Federation after complying with mandatory web registrations. It seeks to evaluate the transparency of these organizations in the organizational, activity, and economic dimensions, compiled into an index that measures their level of transparency for the year 2022, based on a sample of 78 organizations. The research is quantitative, employing content analysis and the Transparency Law application test developed by Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. The results show how the internet has facilitated transparency, enabling NGOs to use online platforms to share information and connect with their stakeholders more effectively. In addition, it reveals the levels of satisfaction of stakeholders' information needs for 2022 and suggests incorporating blockchain technology in the publication of their information.
Mechanisms for environmental conservation due to possible effects of construction works located in the city of Quibdó, Chocó
Chocó is the only department in Colombia with a coastline on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Quibdó, its capital, is located on the right bank of the Atrato River, where several streams, such as La Yesca and El Caraño, flow through the city. Additionally, in certain urban areas, there are canals that flow into the Atrato River and some streams. However, these water sources, as well as public roads, lots, parking lots, and other spaces, are used to dump Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), such as concrete chunks, bricks, PVC sheets, and other materials generated by the execution of concrete works. This waste causes various negative impacts on the environment and human health, such as illness, alterations, and deterioration, among others. Although there are regulations designed to mitigate these impacts, they are not applied to these projects, and the competent authorities do not exercise adequate control or oversight over construction processes. This has led some contractors to dispose of CDW in locations prohibited by current regulations. This situation prompted the investigation and identification of projects that generate negative impacts on the environment, with the aim of establishing guidelines contained in an environmental management plan for construction and demolition waste. This plan seeks to ensure that contractors implement all necessary actions to mitigate, to a certain extent, the generation and improper disposal of CDW, thus contributing to preventing negative impacts on both the environment and human health.
Revista CITAS 2025-I: Un Reflejo de la Nueva Facultad de Administración de Empresas
La Facultad de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Santo Tomás sigue consolidando su transformación hacia la FAE 5.0, un modelo de facultad dinámica, innovadora y con visión global. Este proceso no solo responde a las exigencias del entorno académico y empresarial, sino que también busca aportar de manera estratégica a la construcción de conocimiento, la sostenibilidad y la internacionalización. La presente edición de la revista CITAS es un reflejo de esta evolución, al reunir artículos que exploran las fronteras del conocimiento en gestión, innovación y sostenibilidad. Además, es la primera edición de la revista que se publica bajo la estructura de la nueva Facultad de Administración de Empresas, una unidad académica robusta y en crecimiento, que integra programas de pregrado y posgrado en múltiples modalidades, incluyendo la presencial, la educación a distancia, los programas híbridos y la virtualidad.
Adapting to Change: The Impact of Circular Economy Practices on the Business Model
The transition to a circular economy is driving companies to introduce significant changes in their business models. This research study has two objectives. First, to detail the types of practices adopted by a company to transition from a linear to a circular business model and the critical components of the business model that are affected by them. Second, to propose a method for assessing the level of circularity achieved by a firm's business model. For this purpose, the case study of an industrial company in transition to a circular economy was analyzed in depth. In addition, Osterwalder and Pigneur's business model and existing literature on circular business practices were used as a theoretical framework for this research. The main findings of the research indicate that circular practices can be very heterogeneous. Moreover, the critical components of a company's business model are not equally affected by the adopted circular business practices, with three components of the business model (activities, channels, and customer relationships) being the most affected by the changes. Finally, the level of circularity within the value network and the value proposition of a business model can be measured systematically, and the level achieved depends strongly on the type of practices adopted and the objectives set by a firm.
Exploring a professor’s learning during teleworking: A life story
Teachers around the world have had to reinvent their work routines because of the COVID-19 pandemic. During that time, teachers were teleworking and this impacted their lifestyle, their way of teaching, their cognition, and even their health. This article aims to present the results of a narrative inquiry that explored a teacher’s experiences while teleworking and how they fostered learning in different aspects of their life. The concepts of telework and experience as a form of learning were analyzed. An individual interview was used to collect the experiences of a female teacher pf bachelor’s degree in Language Teaching. The personal account evidenced: first, that telework initially fostered emotions that altered the teacher's mental well-being, social and work life, and redefined her beliefs about teaching and technology; second, it enriched teachers' professional learning in how to use technology to communicate and design activities; third, interaction and collaboration were essential for developing professional knowledge and managing emotions. In conclusion, emotions and interactions during telework become sources of personal and professional learning and encourage the teacher to (re)evaluate her beliefs and teaching practice.
La actividad científico-tecnológica en Colombia y en los países de la región sigue siendo un tema pendiente por fortalecer. Mientras que a nivel mundial, según las estadísticas del Banco Mundial[1], el promedio de inversión en Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D) alcanza el 2,4% del PIB, en América Latina solo Brasil supera el 1%, mientras que los demás países rondan un escaso 0,3%. El interés nacional por la I+D o por la Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (CTeI) en un sentido amplio ha sido objeto de múltiples enfoques, condicionados por la línea política de los gobiernos de turno. Esto refuerza la vigencia del concepto de “ciencia politizada” planteado por Varzavsky, incluso cuando la ciencia aspira a ser libre e independiente. [1] https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Gamification in the classroom: teaching strategies to strengthen memory in learning multiplication
The purpose of this research is to design gamified teaching strategies aimed at strengthening the memory of third-grade elementary school students in learning multiplication, taking into account their different learning styles. The problem arises because a large part of the student population requires reinforcement in their memory processes, a key aspect for their academic performance in mathematics. The methodology used is based on a qualitative approach, articulated with a Participatory Action Research (PAR) design. This approach not only allowed for active interaction between teachers and students, but also the implementation of three essential phases: planning, where students' difficulties in multiplication processes were identified, as well as their predominant learning styles, based on classroom observations and interviews with teachers. In the implementation phase, tools such as field journals, observation sheets, and checklists were used, along with gamified strategies designed to address the particular needs of different learning styles. Finally, the reflection phase allowed for the analysis of the results obtained, evaluating the effectiveness and impact of these strategies on memory and learning. The main objective of this research is to enhance memory as a cognitive process in the teaching of multiplication through gamified strategies that cater to different learning styles. In this way, the aim is not only to facilitate learning but also to contribute to the comprehensive development of students. Likewise, it is evident that the use of gamified teaching strategies promotes more participatory and inclusive environments, improving teaching practices through the design of playful activities that stimulate memory processes and promote meaningful and lasting learning.
Discovering cultural roots in the classroom: a cultural identity project for young readers
The objective of this research project is to define a teaching sequence based on children's literature that strengthens cultural identity in preschool and first-grade children at the Colegio Costa Rica and Colegio María Cano district schools in Bogotá, with a sample of 39 students. Methodologically, it is a qualitative study using a participatory action research design. It is structured in four phases: the first involves planning and designing the project; the second estimates the action, which includes both data collection from parents and students through surveys and participant observation, as well as the design of the teaching sequence, whose application is systematized in field journals; the third phase involves reflective observation, which leads to the analysis of the field journals; finally, there is the evaluation phase, in which the impact of the research is analyzed using a results analysis matrix based on the established categories. Among the results, it was found that the application of the teaching sequence and the students' exposure to various children's stories focused on cultural diversity successfully influence the strengthening of cultural identity. This experience facilitates the recognition of their own roots and the transmission of values that promote respect for other ways of life, for healthy coexistence in a multicultural society that demands dialogue and tolerance between different ethnic groups.
Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence in decision making in complex scenarios, an integrative approach.
The present research focused on studying the possible integration between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Intelligence (HI) through the approach of a comparative exercise that contrasted the decisions made by a group of international trade students and the answers offered by different artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots concerning a highly complex case that replicated the experience of the Louis Dreyfus Company. Other options or courses of action were proposed by AI and AIH, with ChatGPT's response being the only one that aligned with the decision made by the company.
Coaching gerencial en la era moderna y su impacto en las organizaciones
This article aims to analyze how management coaching is currently affecting organizations, especially in their ability to manage change, in order to highlight its potential to increase leadership skills in the management environment and simplify the achievement of an organization's strategic goals. Through a review of the literature, the following key questions are explored: What are the most effective methodologies in management coaching? What evidence exists on the impact of management coaching on the performance of leaders and organizations? And what are the current trends and needs in the management coaching market? Throughout its history, coaching has been recognized as a strategic tool that was initially applied at the personal level and later implemented in the organizational sphere. In this dimension, its purpose is to improve the way managers exercise leadership in a way that benefits each member of the organization. The findings of this research indicate that management coaching plays an important role in improving efficiency and competitiveness in organizations; it also contributes to the development of skills in a constantly evolving environment.
The identity of the multilingual teacher in the language classroom. A literature Review
Although a substantial amount of research has been conducted on teacher identity within the field of bilingual language education, comparatively little attention has been given to the identity of teachers who speak more than two languages. By utilizing research databases and conducting profiling searches, an analysis of prevailing trends in articles addressing the subject of multilingual teacher identity was carried out. The analysis reveals i) multilingal teachers' beliefs about effective teaching methodologies to improve student’s proficiency in more than two languages; ii) the intricacies of multilingual linguistic identities, which tend to favor cognitive studies; iii) the presence of multilingual teachers as a source of multilingual motivation for students; and iv) a local understanding of multilingualism as both a defense of Indigenous languages and a form of resistance against English imperialism. The final section draws attention to the discourse surrounding multilingual teacher identity in context where English occupies a central role in language policy. In this regard, contemporary applied linguistics and decolonial perspectives play a pivotal role in comprehending the socio-political implications embedded in the educators’ identities, thereby illuminating a gap in the existing literature on the study of multilingual teachers’ identity.
An Alternative Framework for Classroom Observations: Shifting the Focus from Teachers to Students
This paper proposes an alternative framework for classroom observations that shifts the focus from teacher actions to student actions. The framework introduces a comprehensive rubric with four perspectives to document students’ observable behaviors and attitudes as evidence of engagement, alongside four qualitative indicators to assess the observable conditions of the classroom. This approach values the teacher’s contribution as an additional observer and serves as a compass for fostering continuous improvement. The methodology included field testing of the rubric, teacher feedback, and structured interviews. The results indicate that teachers appreciate being part of the observation process, emphasizing the process rather than the individual, and view the descriptors as tools for ongoing professional growth. The framework is designed for student-centered learning environments where the focus of classroom observations is on teaching and learning rather than on administrative or ancillary tasks.
Heavy Metal Toxicity Levels and Ecological Risk Assessment of Petroleum-Based Pollutants in the Sediments of the Soku Oil and Gas Field of Southern, Nigeria
The Soku Gas Plant and associated oil facilities in South-south Nigeria has been a source of continuous discharge of oil spills and other industrial wastes to the ecosystems surrounding it. Standard methods were used to analyse the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd) and PAHs in the sediments. The result of this study revealed that the concentration of both PAHs and heavy metals were within the PEL and TEL guideline values. Five methods of pollution assessment of metals were conducted including the Geo-accumulation Index (I-geo), Contamination Factor (Cf), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) and Metal Toxicity. The result of CF, CD, and PLI In this study, Cd had the highest and Cr had the lowest CF average values among the five metals studied. The contamination factor in the study area showed higher levels for cadmium and lower levels for chromium in all stations while the calculated PERI for all the sample stations in the study area indicated low potential ecological risk. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) can be ranked in the following order: Station 3 (Pangapingi)> Station 4 (Soku Jetty) > Station 2(Gas plant) > Station 1(Elem Sangama). Spatial distribution of single risk indices (Eir) showed moderate to low risk. The I-geo classes for the study area varied across metals and sites ranging from uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. Clean-up of oil pollution and payment of compensation as required by law and convention was recommended.
Vegan culture in Colombia: an approach from business competitiveness
The rise of veganism as a global trend has significantly transformed the food market, presenting both challenges and opportunities for businesses. This phenomenon, driven by growing ethical, environmental, and health awareness among consumers, compels organizations to rethink their commercial strategies, production models, and marketing approaches. In Colombia, the growth of veganism has been particularly notable, reflected in the increasing demand for sustainable and healthy products, as well as the proliferation of vegan options in the gastronomic and manufacturing sectors. This article examines how Colombian companies have responded to this trend, highlighting business adaptation strategies, product innovation, and the adoption of ethical certifications as key tools for competing in an evolving market. Additionally, it explores the practical implications of this transformation, emphasizing the importance of sustainability, supply chain traceability, and collaboration with local communities to strengthen competitiveness. Finally, the findings underscore that successful adaptation to the vegan market not only addresses current demands but also represents an opportunity to lead the transition toward a more ethical and sustainable business model.
The article aims to analyze the potential applications of the metaverse in human talent management and examine how the different phases can benefit from new technologies. A quialitative methodology was employed, based on bibliographic analysis, which included a systematic literature review using the following academic platforms: Scopus, Emerald, Insight, Ebsco, Springer Link, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, to explore the possible applications of the metaverse in talent ,management. As part of the results, it was found thet the metaverse holds significant potential to optimize various areas of human talent management, including training, development, and employee evaluation. It also offers immersive enviroments and realistic simulations that enhance the acquisition of skills and knowledge, as well as more efficient recruitment and selection processes. It is concluded that the metaverse can transform human talent management; however organizations must balance the implementation of advance technologies with direct human interaction. Clear strategies and policies are needed to address ethical and privacy challenges. Organizational readiness to invest in technology and training is crucial to fully leverage the potential of the metaverse. As companies experiment with these innovations, it is essential that they maintain an ethical and sustainable approach that benefits both the organization and its employees.
Impact of Research Seedbeds on Undergraduate Students: Case Study at Universitaria Agustiniana
This article presents progress from the research project titled “Impact of Research Seedbeds on Undergraduate Students: Case Study at Universidad Agustiniana.” The primary objective is to identify the impact that participating in a research seedbed has on undergraduate students. To achieve this, four phases are developed. In the first phase, a poster session will showcase the research seedbeds at Universidad Agustiniana, identifying the main characteristics of the different seedbeds. In the second phase, the design and application of instruments will be carried out to gather the necessary information, particularly through semi-structured interviews with participants from the university's research seedbeds. The third phase will analyze the data obtained in the previous phases, using the software ATLAS.ti for processing. Finally, the fourth phase will focus on constructing the outputs of the research project. Currently, the project is in the first phase, and this article presents some preliminary results, including the identification of the programs with the highest student participation in the research seedbeds, which are International Business and Business Administration, both part of the Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences. Additionally, there is a notable female participation rate in the research seedbeds, representing 65% for the Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences.
Procedure for Managing Urban Solid Waste Micro-Routes with Recyclers in the Municipality of Puerto López, Meta (Colombia)
The generation of solid waste must be managed by considering both technical and social aspects to make effective decisions about route design and the development of mechanisms for waste utilization. Starting from the need to design an appropriate procedure, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the knowledge of recyclers in the municipality of Puerto López, Meta were utilized. This led to a significant integration in decision-making to identify the areas within the municipality suitable for effective urban solid waste management. Ultimately, the process provided valuable insights into how recyclers and technical knowledge of the territory combined to make decisions and contribute to building sustainability scenarios within the municipality.
Tutorial system for knowledge management according to the Maturity Measurement Model for Smart Cities and Territories of Colombia
El objetivo de este artículo está orientado al diseño de un sistema tutorial inteligente para la enseñanza y aprendizaje del Modelo de medición de madurez de ciudades y territorios inteligentes elaborado por el Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones de Colombia en el 2019, con el fin de atender a las necesidades de formación de funcionarios públicos y privados sobre el modelo. En el aspecto sociocultural, tipología importante de la gestión del conocimiento, se busca concienciar a los funcionarios públicos y privados de la importancia de la aplicación del modelo para fortalecer el diseño y gestión de proyectos sobre territorios inteligentes, cambiar la actitud en estos, promover una buena comunicación y generar confianza en el modelo. La metodología de este estudio es mixta con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, y se emplea el marco lógico, metodología de software educativo y diseño instruccional en sus diferentes fases, y el análisis de las necesidades educativas, diseño y desarrollo del producto software; también, se considera la metodología problémica del modelo pedagógico de la Universidad Santo Tomás (USTA). La política de gobierno digital tiene como directriz para todos los entes territoriales del país aplicar el Modelo de medición de madurez de ciudades y territorios inteligentes para presentar proyectos con este tipo de iniciativas, sin embargo, mediante el instrumento de recolección de información los funcionarios públicos y privados manifiestan tener la necesidad de aprender sobre todos los elementos del modelo, pues las diferentes tipologías de gestión del conocimiento, diversidad de planes de desarrollo y la desarticulación de sistemas de información en las organizaciones territoriales no permiten actualmente apropiar el modelo.