Evolución y características de la desigualdad en México en el siglo XXI: desafíos para una nueva agenda pública
Evolution and characteristics of inequality in Mexico in the 21st century: challenges for a new public agenda
Abstract (en)
The income distribution in Mexico and its evolution throughout the 21st century are analyzed. It was found that endowments and the capital stock are determining factors to understand this phenomenon, due to the excessive concentration of wealth and the force of divergence r > g. These two events have caused the income of the capitalist class to have increased from 55% of the national income in 2003 to almost 60% between 2012 and 2013. It is concluded that the social spending strategies implemented by the Mexican Government have not been effective due to its poor ability to correct the underlying problem. The new public agenda should be aimed at reducing the gap between r and g, and a scheme that begins to spread are taxes on capital and wealth, but more studies are required to justify this strategy.
Abstract (es)
Se analiza la distribución de los ingresos en México y su evolución a lo largo del siglo xxi. Se encontró que los endowments y el acervo de capital son factores determinantes para entender este fenómeno, debido a la excesiva concentración de la riqueza y a la fuerza de divergencia (r > g). Este par de hechos ha ocasionado que los ingresos de la clase capitalista hayan pasado de 55 % del ingreso nacional en el 2003 a casi el 60 % entre el 2012 y el 2013. Se concluye que las estrategias de gasto social implementadas por el gobierno mexicano no han sido eficaces, debido a su poca capacidad de corregir el problema de fondo. La nueva agenda pública debe ir dirigida a reducir la brecha entre r y g, y un esquema que comienza a difundirse son los impuestos sobre el capital y la riqueza, pero se requieren más estudios para justificar dicha estrategia.
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