Campos en Ciencias Sociales journal is an interdisciplinary publication in social sciences, scientific and investigative, published since 2013 and aims to offer the academic community a space for debate and dissemination around the social sciences from society of knowledge, which influences different areas such as cultural, social, political and economic. These areas, in which the journal focuses, contemplate aspects such as: The territories: understanding them as spatialities not only geographic but also virtual. Culture, counterculture, identities and social movements (peasants, indigenous, afro, feminists, among others). Visual communication and cultural products: cinema, television, literature. Periodicity: biannual. ISSN: 2339-3688 Electronic ISSN: 2500-6681 DOI: 10.15332/25006681 e-mail: revistacampos@usantotomas.edu.co Indexed in: Redib, Clase, Circ, Base, Google Scholar, Miar, Ulrich's Periodical Directory, EZB, LatinRev, Erih Plus, Seriunam, Actualidad Iberoamericana, Cite Factor, Academic Resource Index.
The authors maintain the rights to the articles and are therefore free to share, copy, distribute, execute and publicly communicate the work under the following conditions: Recognize the credits of the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in a way that suggests that it has their support or that they support the use of their work). Campos en ciencias sociales is under a Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Universidad Santo Tomás reserves the patrimonial rights (copyright) of the published works, and favors and allows the reuse of them under the aforementioned license.
The poison in the course of life. What is it, and how is what we eat in Argentina produced?
The image of Argentina as the “breadbasket of the world” is as simple as it es clear: our country feeds other latitudes before its population. This situation has existed since its origins as a nation-state, where Argentina entered the world stage as a supplier of raw materials, mainly food. However, recent decades have presented new problems: technical and technological advances, the introduction of new crops and high-yield varieties, increased mechanization, and the intensive use of fertilizers and agrochemicals, among others, not only modify the use of territories and generate population displacement but also impact the products we consume and our health. Likewise, as Argentina is experiencing its demographic transition (population aging), it is also undergoing two other changes in people’s life courses: the food and epidemiological transitions. Based on the categories of Food Security and Food Sovereignty, this paper analyzes the food issue in Argentina, reflecting on the types of food production, the role of the State and policies, and their relationship with the quality of life and living conditions of the population.
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Bibliometric Analysis on Pedagogical Innovation and Educational Inclusion in Teaching Practice
Inclusive education has become one of the issues that has established itself as a priority in education policies worldwide. In relation to this study, a bibliometric analysis of scientific output on this topic between 2019 and 2024 was carried out using metadata from the Scopus database. Variables such as keywords, authors, countries, citations, publications, institutions, and journals were analyzed to identify patterns of collaboration, thematic trends, and the most influential actors in the field. The findings show sustained growth in publications on inclusive education and pedagogical innovation, with notable participation from countries such as Spain, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, both in terms of volume of production and impact. In addition, the most relevant authors and emerging lines of research are identified.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chiquinquirá Rivera Quiñones, Juan Miguel Quintero Saldaña https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Perceptions on Availability, Access and Consumption of Andean Tubers in Households in Túquerres (Colombia)
This article presents a qualitative analysis of food in the municipality of Túquerres; its objective is to interpret the perceptions availability, access, and consumption of andean tubers in households of urban and rural areas. The research was conducted through focused ethnography using techniques such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, and observation. The results showed that traditional and modern food consumption patterns converge in the diet of families, children and adolescents are moving away from traditional food habits due to factors related to the use of nutritional supplements, the predilection for packaged foods, and fast food. On the other hand, Andean tubers still play a relevant role in the daily and festive diet of families, identifying that they are foods related to well-being and health. By way of conclusion, it is of utmost importance to preserve the food traditions of the inhabitants of this municipality, since they represent the culinary knowledge that has been built over the years, forming part of their identity. In addition, it has been shown that modern food practices can generate chronic non-communicable diseases.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Jimena Meneses Riascos, Arboleda-Montoya Luz Marina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring the Tourism Potential of Historical Memory: The 1985 Armero Tragedy in Tolima (Colombia)
The objective of this article is to analyze the potential of the historical memory of the 1985 tragedy in Armero (Tolima), for the design of a tourism product. The research focuses on the question: What is the tourism potential of the historical memory of the 1985 tragedy in Armero (Tolima), for the design of a tourism product? The methodology used was of mixed approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative methods. The results indicate strong support for the creation of a tourist route in Armero, underlining the importance of preserving and disseminating the historical memory of the tragedy. It is perceived that such a route would not only honor the victims and educate about disaster prevention, but would also have a positive impact on tourism and the local economy. Suggested activities for the route include guided tours, testimonials and educational workshops, with the essential collaboration of tour operators, local communities and authorities. In conclusion, the preservation and dissemination of the historical memory of Armero is crucial to honor the victims and educate future generations. A tourist route focused on this tragedy could revitalize the local economy, promote dark tourism and encourage investment in infrastructure, while collaboration between operators, communities and authorities is essential for its success.
Copyright (c) 2025 Angie Lorena Salgado Moreno, Julieth Johana Ayala Avilan, Jorge Alexander Mora Forero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The concept of "resistance” in Michel Foucault
In this paper, we propose to present some aspects of the “concept of resistance” in Michel Foucault's thought. The term “resistance” appeared as such during the 1970s, in a sense different from that of transgression[1] in the social, legal, political, moral, or ethical discourse of the time. However, it was through his analysis of this notion as applied to all forms of marginality in society that Foucault began to construct his analytical critique of the history of modernity, eventually developing a theory of resistance to the power of continuous discourse. [1] The definition given to this term in the Dictionary of Philosophy puts into context the negative meaning that transgression had in 1960 in general: “The act of breaking a rule. Because it also affects the imagination, transgression goes further than simple violation.” " See GODIN Christian, Dictionnaire de philosophie, Éditions du temps, Paris, 2004, p. 1358.
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Two Colombian reflections based on Norbert Elias
As part of the Libellus collection, the EAFIT University Press recently published the book Dos reflexiones colombianas a partir de Norbert Elias (Two Colombian Reflections Based on Norbert Elias). The first of these reflections is by renowned Colombian-British historian Malcolm Deas (1941-2023) and the second is by Jorge Giraldo Ramírez, who, in addition to being professor emeritus and doctor of philosophy, is currently dean of the School of Humanities at EAFIT University. It should be noted that this is a posthumous work, as Malcolm Deas passed away while the book was in the editing process; furthermore, a version of the text had already been published in 2022 in the magazine Letras Libres.
Presentamos una nueva edición de la Revista Campos en Ciencias Sociales, correspondiente al volumen 12, número 1 de 2024. Con esta finaliza una etapa de trabajo editorial desde la antigua División de Ciencias Sociales y, específicamente, desde la Facultad de Sociología. Con la promulgación del Acuerdo 7 del 10 mayo de 2024, se formaliza una reestructuración organizacional de la Universidad Santo Tomás que tiene, entre otros aspectos importantes, la apertura de la División de Ciencias de la Comunicación y la Creación, integrada a su vez por las Facultades de Comunicación, Diseño y Moda. En esta nueva división proseguirá la revista, en manos de un nuevo equipo editorial al que damos la bienvenida.
An approach to the intangible cultural heritage, its safeguard and patrimonialization
The Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) is one of the main topics in the international political agenda. This is because it intervenes in several governmental levels or aspects such as social, cultural, economical and political, creating multiple impacts within the policy implementation topics. Therefore, several questions arise. Firstly, what exactly is the ICH and what does it mean when talking about safeguarding it? Secondly, what is a heritage process? Lastly, how has the list of representation of Intangible Cultural Heritage of humanity changed up to date? The present article seeks to approach to answer these questions through the experience adopted of the international policy of safeguard of PCI adopted in Mexico.
Collaborative economies, new consumer trends and challenges for Latin America and Colombia
This document presents an insight about the impact collaborative economies have in both Colombian and Latin-American consumers, and how these economies transform lifestyles habits and consumption relations. The analysis is made through a revision of primary and secondary sources, framing the phenomenon in four global consumption tendencies, its development in the European and North American markets, and its viability for regions such as Latin America, where a context of social inequality, environmental issues and a lack of trust, plays a key role. To approach this phenomenon at a local and regional level, we consulted primary sources: consumers, entrepreneurs and startups. These inputs helped us to build a picture with different perspectives of collaborative economies and consumption. Secondary sources provided us with figures and projections for the region. As a conclusion, we suggest plans to enhance opportunities in the fields of innovation, entrepreneurship and social inclusion
Testimonial voices and experimental reality in Guadalupe años sin cuenta of the Candelaria group
The present article has as its main objective to depict the importance of testimonial voices as experimental reality through the analysis of the play “Guadalupe años sin cuenta” by La Candelaria theater company, which is set in the violent times lived in the 1950’s in Colombia. The reflection and analysis begins with the bipartisan and the importance of the guerrilla leader, José Guadalupe Salcedo Unda, from the Arauca region, in order to re-signify our historical processes from the subject-viewer and his critical thinking that that re-situates our daily living theater for the light of the truth and experience of our events.
Memory as axis of social change in the school
This review article corresponds to the definition and relationship that exists between memory and history, contemplating the postulates of several authors who understand the places in which it has been enrolled and the recognition of the specific characteristics of individual and collective memory. Memory has been a line of work that aims for social change and the construction of the historical memory, as well as the conceptual and pragmatic appropriation of a history of the memories, because it is necessary that education dignifies identities and strengthen efforts of knowledge about the actual events that have transpired in the course of history
Communication and sport: an integrative field for analysis of the sport phenomenon
As an objective this ‘state of the art’ article will identify the fundamentals and lines of research of the field of communication and sports, starting from the revision of studies and reflections carried out by some social and human science disciplines, including communication and journalism. As methodology it is applied the documentary or secondary research method, within the qualitative approach, in order to examine 81 bibliographical references. The results and discussion part is about how the documents revision was done, which allowed: 1) to point out the subjects from social and human sciences which have studied sports the most, and to determine the contribution they have made to the creation and development of the field of communication and sports; 2) to identify four great lines of research (sport community, sport and identity, sportive relationships, and future sport) with which it is possible to carry out an integrative analysis of the sports phenomena; 3) to identify which are some of the main academic studies in Latin America, Europe, North America, and Oceania (Australia specially) which represent and establish the field of commutation and sports
Social practices, creativity and living in the regions Medellín-Antioquia (Colombia)
This reflection is based on some elements of debate, such as creative practices as art, design and architecture, known as activities that contribute to the creation of contemporary living and that are interdisciplinary. In this understanding it is alluded to the issues of social responsibility in the regions, current in countries like Colombia. In general terms, what is intended to show is how it is possible to leave academic scenarios to integrate into the reality of common life, with the idea to conceptualize the relevance of creative disciplines, and in the process, identify elements that account for the possible interventions of creativity in the regions. The case study will be the city of Medellín, Antioquia (Colombia); and with it we will advance in some notions with which we want to explore some of the creative ways, considered opportunities or intervention strategies, with which we will try the determined participation of the academics in the peace scenarios in the regions
Cathedrals as libraries: philosophy, literature and spirituality
The present work seeks to make explicit the relationships between cathedrals and libraries. This is a question of recognizing the philosophical-literary potential of a nuclear category: space. We start from the formulation of a set of concerns that are substantively inspired by the fictional creations of Borgian literature. Our interest seeks to explore through a reflexive exercise around the Borgian narrative (mainly in the story and the essay), the relationship between philosophy, literature and spirituality, domains of humanistic knowledge, and activities deeply related to life and thought. We cannot deny that the intersections of these messages travel through the most egregious and authentic cultural devices that man has been able to create: books, mother spaces –this is said in Plato’s voice in the Timaeus– that provide for all that produces an Origin (arché) of meaning, culture, reflexivity, etc.
Conflict, war and peace. An approach from the perspective of political realism in Niccolò Machiavelli
The present work has the main objective to present a general reflection about the Machiavelli’s perspectives in relation with conflict, war and peace inside the political context. Following the consequences of the perspectives in The Prince and The Discourses, I’ll show the different features from political realism through the impossibility of peace, the evil’s manifestation and the corruption, the war permanence and the political overcoming from inner conflicts through the substance, the strength and the laws.
Ethical considerations regarding the documentation about Intangible Cultural Heritage
This paper contains some reflections on the ways in which Intangible Cultural Heritage is studied. Additionally, it proposes general ideas for the training of professionals who produce audio-visual documents of oral tradition. However, the major emphasis in the text is found in the ethical training of the professional working with Intangible Cultural Heritage
documentation of Intangible Cultural Heritage
The heterogeneity of family businesses in Latin America. A historical perspective
El libro Family Business Heterogeneity in Latin America. A historical Perspective, escrito por Claudio Muller y Fernando Sandoval-Arzaga, presenta una mirada histórica de cómo han evolucionado los negocios familiares de Latinoamérica en los últimos cinco siglos. Para estos autores, la cultura que representa a las empresas familiares no puede definirse en un solo concepto, ya que a lo largo de los años va adquiriendo una presencia más significativa en la vida del individuo y en relación con su entorno.
The clothed body as construction of Latin American identities from the monstrous. A decolonial approach to the teaching of fashion
This research analyzes and questions fashion and its respective teaching from a colonial matrix, constantly constructed from the body as a place of use, representation and construction of fashion and its imaginaries. In this way, learning exercises in fashion are traditionally based on the recognition of the anatomical-ergonomic of the body in direct relation to the needs of the hegemonic industry, which imposes its narratives and canons. Thanks to the decolonial foundation of the Professional Program in Fashion of the Universidad Santo Tomás and through its modular project, the approach to the body is proposed from the monstrous as a place of the possibilities of creation, which allows exploring other dimensions of representation and body construction. Derived from the above, eight projects are developed conceptually and materially in the period 2024-1 as part of Module 1: design and identities that covers the first and second semester of the course, where it is built, based on the reflections on identity, a narrative that challenges and deconstructs the hegemonic imaginaries that fashion has imposed on certain corporealities and corporealities. This in order to broaden the spectrum of fashion to a plurality of representations and that first semester students at the beginning of their specific training in fashion, led from the costume and clothing workshop I, are able to propose from the problematization and exploration of historically marginalized imaginaries.
Valuable Experiences of Environmental Education Characterization in Colombia: A Descriptive Analysis of Trends Identification for Sustainable Development
The current environmental crisis, resulting from humanity's subjugation and domination of nature, has significantly contributed to the decline of ecological biodiversity worldwide. In the case of Colombia, the main causes of biodiversity loss include land-use changes, urbanization, among others. This underscores the urgent need to strengthen environmental education (EE) in the country to promote a sustainable environmental culture in harmony with nature. Accordingly, this research aims to characterize environmental education experiences in Colombia based on the database "Experiencias significativas de Educación Ambiental – Listado Minambiente" Data processing was conducted using the statistical software STATA, with the goal of identifying educational trends related to environmental issues at the national level. The results reveal progress in the field of EE, highlighting a higher proportion of initiatives that adopt a naturalistic teaching model. Likewise, there is a prevalence of institutional initiatives over community ones. The results suggest that community initiatives tend to align with a systemic teaching model, while institutional initiatives prioritize the naturalistic perspective. Additionally, it was observed that community participation is sometimes conditioned by sectoral and non-sectoral entities in the country. Finally, the conclusions reaffirm the need for Colombian institutions to continue working on appropriate environmental education indicators that allow for the measurement and dissemination of EE experiences at the national level. Furthermore, the importance of strengthening systemic EE models is emphasized, as they promote the social re-appropriation of the environment through cultural changes.
social representations of the environment
We present a new edition of the Revista CAMPOS en Ciencias Sociales corresponding to Volume 11 number 2 of 2023. It is ten years in this editorial process that aims to generate spaces for debate and dissemination in the field of social sciences through the various articles published in our pages. In this issue, which is free thematic, we present documents that gather research in the field of memory, social movements, etc.
Processes of social organization in the Dorado Valley: perspectives from collective memory
This article is part of the results of research that analyzed the conformation and construction of networks based on the processes of social organization of rural communities in the area of Valle del Dorado in the municipality of Yotoco, Colombia, taking as a starting point the collective memory of its inhabitants. In this sense, we propose to understand the relationship between collective memory, traditional social organization and the emerging processes that derive from it in the context of modernity. As part of the research design, an exploratory-descriptive study was proposed that involved participatory action (PAR) as a methodological strategy and the application of different information gathering techniques, such as workshops with the community, interviews and the review of different documents that contributed to the understanding of community processes. As one of the main results, it was found that the networks formed by state and corporate agents in which the communities of Valle del Dorado participate influence the traditional structures of social organization of the latter, a fact that occurs as a negotiation between the traditional and modern aspects that are at stake.
From Resistance to Compartment: Self-care of Health and Masculine Identity in Marginalized Contexts
This document shares the experience of working with men in male health self-care workshops carried out in contexts of marginalization, specifically, in two neighborhoods in the city of Villahermosa, Tabasco, in southeastern Mexico. He was part of a qualitative research on men, emotions and interpersonal relationships, which had the objective of exploring the experience of men during the Covid-19 pandemic, in addition to the vulnerability they present when living in flood-prone areas. The workshop was used as a data construction technique, since it allows reflection based on the constant interaction of the participants; for this purpose, a face-to-face invitation was made during tours in the neighborhoods, as well as by handing out flyers on public roads and on the WhatsApp social network. Resistance to male participation was identified both due to the social and work dynamics of which they are part and due to the sociocultural significance assigned to the male body and vulnerability; this indicates the need to establish meeting spaces between men to reflect on the social construction of masculinity, their emotions and reconstruct themselves as subjects with the right to affection.
The incorporation of the environmental issue in the agenda of feminist struggles in Argentina (2015-2023)
The emergency of the Ni Una Menos movement in 2015 was a milestone in the history of the feminist movement in Argentina, in a context marked by a growing participation and protagonism of feminized groups in environmental mobilizations. The purpose of this article is to analyze and characterize the incorporation of environmental demands in the agenda of contemporary feminist mobilizations. Particularly, we focus on the analysis of the demands of Ni Una Menos movement and the International Women's strikes, between the years 2015 and 2023 inclusive. For this purpose, we adopted a qualitative methodology that let us analyze official and organizational documents. As a result, we have observed, in general terms, a progressive incorporation of environmental demands. However, although the advent of the pandemic has been identified as a turning point that allowed a more pronounced incorporation of the environmental question in the feminist agenda, from 2023 onwards, a certain retraction in the diversified manifestation of environmental demands can be observed.
The Constitutive Field of the Demand: Local Time/space, Domestic Time/space
The article focuses on a discussion whose backdrop is the social conflict that occurred in Costa Rica, during a cycle of protests that lasted the last months of 2018. As the main thesis, it is distinguished: local space-time and domestic space-time. The domestic space-time is considered the space-time of women and is configured by patriarchal power. Both forms of space-time are specific forms of collective subjectivation, around the demands of social movements. This work examines the results of a qualitative research (case study). It organizes and interprets the data from the coordinates of grounded theory. It uses analytical tools to categorize and code the forms of subaltern subjectivation and the structural aspects that make up the context of the struggle against the neoliberal reform of the State. In the conclusive process, it analyzes the possibilities of the emergence of a historical subject anchored in the field of the popular, in the coordinates of local space-time, in which multiple forms of inequality converge. Moreover, as an emerging thesis, it analyzes the constitutive field of demand as expression of the antagonism of a possible disruptive popular subject.
Imaginarios y representaciones emergentes en un territorio despojado de agua
The province of La Pampa, located in the arid and semi-arid strip of the Argentine Republic, is no stranger to the problems caused by water scarcity. To the geomorphological and climatic condition of these territories, historical processes of social and political intervention on their surface waters are added. These refer to technocratic decisions in relation to the regulation of rivers, which affect the territory and generate changes that are not only socio-environmental. In this article, we propose to interpret the emerging social imaginaries and representations in the peasant communities that live in the northwest of the province of La Pampa, where the Atuel and Salado rivers converge, of the Desaguadero-Salado-Chadileuvú-Curacó basin. In particular, we analyze the significance built by the population residing on the banks of the Atuel, currently characterized by desertification processes, due to the damming of the river at its source in the neighboring province of Mendoza. Perceptions related to two planes of meaning: a specific one linked to water as a vital resource and opportunity for the future, and another imaginary, where water is conceived from senses of desire and rejection, make up imaginaries and emerging social representations. To carry out the analysis, we used a qualitative methodology, taking tools from hermeneutics. In the end, we consign the presence of emerging meanings of forgetfulness and denial of water. These are related to fears due to negative experiences and new social practices, motivated, on the one hand, by moments of flooding of water channels blurred by progressive drying and, later, temporarily flooded, and the scarcity to which the communities were forced to confront each other in the long period from the late forties of the 20th century to the present.
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La justicia hídrica en los discursos sobre la asignación del agua para el sector hidroeléctrico en Colombia
This document analyzes the discourses of water allocation to the hydropower sector in Colombia within the framework of water justice. It begins with a critical analysis of the language used in the environmental impact assessments of 22 hydropower plants, which due to their power generation capacity required an environmental license from the National Environmental Licensing Authority - (hereinafter ANLA), in contrast with academic literature and social expression to identify specific contexts in each project. Based on the concept of water justice and the discourses identified in the literature, the hydroelectric projects were characterized to construct the following categories of analysis: i) Limitations in recognition, ii) Legitimation and participation processes s and iii) Prioritization in water distribution. As a result, it is evident that water allocation does not include criteria of equity, efficiency and sustainability and that the granting environmental licenses for hydropower projects is not carried out with principles of water justice.
Copyright (c) 2023 Vanessa Alejandra León Montealegre, María Cecilia Roa-García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Mapeo de proyectos de innovación sustentable en México
The problems of environmental pollution, coupled with conditions of social inequality, have generated a growing awareness of the need to change and renew patterns of production-consumption and social behavior. Sustainable development requires creative innovative processes that help create socially inclusive processes, meet needs, solve local problems, respect the environment, and conserve natural resources. The objective of this work is to identify sustainable innovation projects in Mexico in order to distinguish key factors and the role of organizations contributing to local development and the conservation of natural resources. The methodology is quantitative, based on the analysis of 87 case studies found in specialized books, peer-reviewed journals, and official websites. The conclusion is that 40% of the projects are driven by the government through public policies, 15% by universities, 14% by civil associations, and the remaining 31% by other organizations such as rural communities, companies with different social missions, private assistance institutions, and cooperatives. The central region of the country is the one that promotes sustainable projects the most. The projects are primarily oriented towards the construction, technology, and agriculture sectors. Mexico lacks public policies to create ecosystems, address crises, and develop frugal, endogenous, and inclusive innovations that contribute to local development and overall well-being. Therefore, it is urgent to implement sustainability and eco-innovation studies aimed at achieving sustainable local development, preserving natural resources, and achieving social cohesion and economic growth.
Copyright (c) 2023 Hilda Teresa Ramírez Alcántara, Tonatiuh Torres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Fracturas metabólicas del extractivismo forestal en comunidades campesinas: caso Tomé, Chile
The advance of the extractive frontier is generating serious rifts in the society-nature metabolism on the Earth, especially in the Global South. Latin American peasant territories and cultures are being besieged by various primary economic activities for export that fracture their life’s sustainability cycles. This paper focuses on analyzing multiple territorial rifts produced by forestry extractivism. From a conceptual framework based on environmental sociology and political ecology, and evidence based on interviews and quantitative documents from the rural area of Tomé in southern Chile, we argue that forestry extractivism has rifted the socio-environmental metabolism in multiple ways. The results show the metabolic rifts through four interrelated processes: appropriation of land and soil degradation, water uncertainty, contamination through fumigation and agrochemicals, and the growing threat of forestry fires. It is concluded that forestry monoculture has fractured the socio-environmental metabolism between peasant communities and the natural conditions of their existence, generating a growing separation of the peasantry from their lands, water resources, threatening the reproduction of life due to the contamination of the territory because of use of agrochemicals, and forestry fires associated with both the lack of water and territorial extension of monocultures
Copyright (c) 2023 Nicolás Suazo Caamaño, Robinson Torres Salinas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Commons and the Community. Discussions based on a Time Bank in Chile
Experiences of commons economies have diversified steadily in recent decades: agriculture, cooperatives, water, fishing, vineyards. They have also been seen as initiatives that function as alternatives to the dominant forms of economic organisation. One of the main characteristics of the commons is that they operate - whether in principle or in practice - seeking autonomy from the state and the market. To what extent is this possible? We intend to answer this departing from the case of time banks, a more recent type of commons and less addressed as such. In answering, we intend to 1) explain the relational economic rationalities of time banks and 2) reflect on how commons deal with the state and the market and exist in spite of them. This happens in the community -beyond a territorial location - and the economy, both understood in a relational way. To illustrate this point and to place it in the context of the Global South, we will take the case of the Time Bank in the city of Talca, Maule, Chile, which has managed to establish operational relationships with other time banks, particularly in the context of the socio-health crisis.
Copyright (c) 2023 Alejandro Marambio-Tapia, Estefanía Basoalto Garabito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0