Liderazgo y reconstrucción del Estado en el Posconflicto: Irak después del 2003
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Publicado
jul 1, 2020
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Inass Abdulsada Ali
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6840-1500
Sana Kadhim Qati Qati
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-9397
Batool Hussain Alwan
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6840-1500
Sana Kadhim Qati Qati
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-9397
Batool Hussain Alwan
Resumen
El escenario polÃtico y social iraquà se ha caracterizado, subjetiva y objetivamente, por la debilidad de la construcción de liderazgo. Esto ha dado lugar a una crisis de liderazgo, visible en la calidad de los resultados del proceso de reconstrucción del Estado en el Iraq, que ha carecido de los requisitos y condiciones de éxito más simples. Este proceso sufrió de una falencia importante y obvia: la situación en Irak ha generado lÃderes para el conflicto, no lÃderes para la construcción, y esto confirma la existencia de una crisis cultural en la producción de un liderazgo consciente y compatible con la acción democrática. La debilidad de los dirigentes de Iraq se refleja en una serie de crisis continuas que requieren soluciones radicales de conformidad con los planes estratégicos a largo plazo; las crisis se reflejan especialmente en la ausencia de visiones constructivas y el predominio del interés propio, junto con el impacto de la realidad social en las prácticas de liderazgo, lo cual conlleva un efecto adverso en la construcción del Estado.
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Palabras Clave
liderazgo, construcción del Estado, reconstrucción del Estado, Irak, crisis de liderazgo
Referencias
Ali, I. A. (2009). USA Strategy and Management of Political Wills Conflict in Iraq. International Studies, 41, 69-94.
Bouillon, M. E. (2012). Iraq’s State-building Enterprise: State Fragility, State Failure and a New Social Contract. International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 6(3), 281–297.
Brown, A. (2014). The Myth of the Strong Leader: Political Leadership in the Modern Age. New York: Basic Books.
Call, C.T. (2008). Building States to Build Peace? A Critical Analysis. Journal of Peacebuilding and Development, 4(2), 60-74.
Chesterman, S. (2011). State-Building, the Social Contract, and the Death of God. New York University Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers. 253. Retrieved from https://lsr.nellco.org/nyu_plltwp/253
Chesterman, S., Ignatieff, M. & Thakur, R. (2004). Making States Work: From State Failure to State-Building. New York: International Peace Academy.
Dobbins, J. et al. (2003). America’s Role in Nation-Building: from Germany to Iraq. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
Dobbins, J. et al, (2008). After the War: Nation-Building from FDR to George W. Bush. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG716.pdf
Farhat, M. F. (2015). Occupation and State Rebuilding: Comparative Case Studies of Japan, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Beirut: Arab Unity Studies Center.
Fukuyama, F. (2004). State Building: Governance and World Order in the Twenty-First Century. USA: Cornell University Press.
Fukuyama, F. (2011). The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution. Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
Grint, K. (2010). Leadership: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Haldén, P. (2010). Systems-Building before State-Building: on the Systemic Preconditions of State-Building. Conflict, Security & Development, 10(4), 519-545.
Hussain, A. S. (2015). The Role of Political Leadership in the Rebuilding of State: Russia under Putin. Beirut: Arab Unity Studies Center.
Khan, S. & Kirmanj, S. (2015). Engineering Confederalism for Iraq. National Identities, 17(4), 371-385. DOI: 10.1080/14608944.2015.1066322
Lake, D. (2010). The Practice and Theory of US Statebuilding. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 4(3), 257-284.
Mottahedeh, R. (1980). Loyalty and Leadership in an Early Islamic Society. Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Ogun, M. N. & Aslan, M. (2013). Theory and Practice of State Building in the Middle East: A Constitutional Perspective on Iraq and Afghanistan. Journal of Applied Security Research, 8(3), 374-403.
Ottaway, M. & Kaysi, D. (2012). The State of Iraq. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved from https://carnegieendowment.org/2012/02/08/state-of-iraq-pub-47127
Paris, R. & Sisk, T. D. (2007). Managing Contradictions: The Inherent Dilemmas of Postwar Statebuilding. International Peace Academy. Retrieved from: https://www.jointpeacefund.org/files/documents/roland_paris_-_statebuilding_overview_paper.pdf
Post, J. (2004). Leaders and Their Followers in a Dangerous World. USA: Cornell University Press.
Qati, S. K. (2010). Challenges of Iraqi Modern State Building. Political Science, 41, 356-361.
Shabban, H. (2016). The current Iraqi crisis: Sectarianism, regionalism and the state. International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 10(1&2), 153-174.
Bouillon, M. E. (2012). Iraq’s State-building Enterprise: State Fragility, State Failure and a New Social Contract. International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 6(3), 281–297.
Brown, A. (2014). The Myth of the Strong Leader: Political Leadership in the Modern Age. New York: Basic Books.
Call, C.T. (2008). Building States to Build Peace? A Critical Analysis. Journal of Peacebuilding and Development, 4(2), 60-74.
Chesterman, S. (2011). State-Building, the Social Contract, and the Death of God. New York University Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers. 253. Retrieved from https://lsr.nellco.org/nyu_plltwp/253
Chesterman, S., Ignatieff, M. & Thakur, R. (2004). Making States Work: From State Failure to State-Building. New York: International Peace Academy.
Dobbins, J. et al. (2003). America’s Role in Nation-Building: from Germany to Iraq. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
Dobbins, J. et al, (2008). After the War: Nation-Building from FDR to George W. Bush. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG716.pdf
Farhat, M. F. (2015). Occupation and State Rebuilding: Comparative Case Studies of Japan, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Beirut: Arab Unity Studies Center.
Fukuyama, F. (2004). State Building: Governance and World Order in the Twenty-First Century. USA: Cornell University Press.
Fukuyama, F. (2011). The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution. Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
Grint, K. (2010). Leadership: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Haldén, P. (2010). Systems-Building before State-Building: on the Systemic Preconditions of State-Building. Conflict, Security & Development, 10(4), 519-545.
Hussain, A. S. (2015). The Role of Political Leadership in the Rebuilding of State: Russia under Putin. Beirut: Arab Unity Studies Center.
Khan, S. & Kirmanj, S. (2015). Engineering Confederalism for Iraq. National Identities, 17(4), 371-385. DOI: 10.1080/14608944.2015.1066322
Lake, D. (2010). The Practice and Theory of US Statebuilding. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 4(3), 257-284.
Mottahedeh, R. (1980). Loyalty and Leadership in an Early Islamic Society. Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Ogun, M. N. & Aslan, M. (2013). Theory and Practice of State Building in the Middle East: A Constitutional Perspective on Iraq and Afghanistan. Journal of Applied Security Research, 8(3), 374-403.
Ottaway, M. & Kaysi, D. (2012). The State of Iraq. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved from https://carnegieendowment.org/2012/02/08/state-of-iraq-pub-47127
Paris, R. & Sisk, T. D. (2007). Managing Contradictions: The Inherent Dilemmas of Postwar Statebuilding. International Peace Academy. Retrieved from: https://www.jointpeacefund.org/files/documents/roland_paris_-_statebuilding_overview_paper.pdf
Post, J. (2004). Leaders and Their Followers in a Dangerous World. USA: Cornell University Press.
Qati, S. K. (2010). Challenges of Iraqi Modern State Building. Political Science, 41, 356-361.
Shabban, H. (2016). The current Iraqi crisis: Sectarianism, regionalism and the state. International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 10(1&2), 153-174.
Cómo citar
Ali, I. A., Qati, S. K. Q., & Alwan, B. H. (2020). Liderazgo y reconstrucción del Estado en el Posconflicto: Irak después del 2003. Campos En Ciencias Sociales, 8(2), 347-368. https://doi.org/10.15332/25006681/6022
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